Physics: Library Resources

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Detailed reference covering all aspects of working in laboratories, including safety, fundamentals of analytical techniques, lab instrumentation, and more A comprehensive study of analytical chemistry as it pertains to the laboratory analyst and chemist, Analytical Chemistry begins with an introduction to the laboratory environment, including safety, glassware, common apparatuses, and lab basics, and continues on to guide readers through the fundamentals of analytical techniques, such as spectroscopy and chromatography, and introduce examples of laboratory programs, such as Laboratory Information Management Systems (LIMS). This newly updated and revised Second Edition of Analytical Chemistry offers expanded chapters with new figures and the latest developments in the field. Included alongside this new edition is an updated companion teaching, reference, and toolkit program called ChemTech. Conveniently available via either app or browser, the ChemTech program contains exercises that highlight and review topics covered in the book and features useful calculators and programs, including solution makers, graphing tools, and more. To aid in reader comprehension, the program also includes an interactive periodic table and chapter summaries. Written by two highly qualified authors with significant experience in both practice and academia, Analytical Chemistry covers sample topics such as: Basic mathematics in the laboratory, including different units, the metric system, significant figures, scientific calculators, and ChemTech conversion tools Analytical data treatment, including errors in the laboratory, precision versus accuracy, normal distribution curves, and determining errors in methodology Plotting and graphing, including graph construction, curve fitting, graphs of specific equations, least-squares method, and computer-generated curves Ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) spectroscopy, including wave and particle theory of light, light absorption transitions, the color wheel, and pigments With complete coverage of the practical aspects of analytical chemistry, Analytical Chemistry prepares students for a rewarding career as a chemist or a laboratory technician. Thanks to ChemTech integration, the book is also a useful and accessible reference for the established chemist or technician already working in the laboratory.

Analytical Nanochemistry provides readers with a comprehensive review of the application of nanomaterial in analytical chemistry. It explains the fundamental concepts involved in utilizing nanomaterials including their classification, synthesis, functionalization, characterization methods, separation, and isolation techniques, as well as toxicity. It also covers fundamental information on different aspects of analytical procedures and method development. Furthermore, it emphasizes micro- and nano-enabled analytical devices and instruments as well as nanotools for nanoanalysis. The book opens with a section on fundamentals (Section 1), then continues with a section on the role of nanomaterials in analytical procedures (Section 2), including sample preparation, separation, and detection. The third section (Section 3) includes chapters on micro- and nano-enabled devices, as most miniaturized microsystems include nanofeatures. The book concludes with a fourth section (Section 4) on future perspectives, covering nanoanalysis, bioanalysis, toxic risks, and limitations of both technology and commercialization. This book serves as a valuable resource for students, instructors, and researchers in analytical chemistry, nanomaterials, and nanotechnology investigating the use of nanotechnology in their analytical procedures.

Chemical Analysis for Forensic Evidence provides readers with the fundamental framework of forensic analytical chemistry, describing the entire process, from crime scene investigation to evidence sampling, laboratory analysis, quality aspects, and reporting and testifying in court. In doing so, important principles and aspects are demonstrated through the various forensic expertise areas in which analytical chemistry plays a key role, including illicit drugs, explosives, toxicology, fire debris analysis and microtraces such as gunshot residues, glass and fibers. This book illuminates the underlying practical framework that governs how analytical chemistry is used in practice by forensic experts to solve crime.Arian van Asten utilizes a hands-on approach with numerous questions, examples, exercises and illustrations to help solidify key concepts and teach them in an engaging way.- Provides a forensic analytical chemistry framework based on how professionals actually use chemistry to solve crimes- Introduces leading principles necessary to forensic practice understanding- Answers key questions with a wealth of illustrations and real-world examples

This is a graduate level textbook presenting some of the most fundamental processes that underlie physical, chemical and biological phenomena in complex condensed systems. It includes in-depth descriptions of relevant methodologies, and provides ample introductory material for readers of different backgrounds.

Forensic Toxicology, the latest release in the Advanced Forensic Science Series that grew out of recommendations from the 2009 NAS Report, Strengthening Forensic Science: A Path Forward will serve as a graduate level text for those studying and teaching forensic toxicology. It is also an excellent reference for the forensic practitioner's library or for use in their casework. Coverage includes a wide variety of methods used, along with pharmacology and drugs and professional issues they may encounter. Edited by a world-renowned, leading forensic expert, this updated edition is a long overdue solution for the forensic science community.- Provides basic principles of forensic science and an overview of forensic toxicology- Contains information on a wide variety of methods- Covers pharmacology and drugs, matrices and interpretation- Includes a section on professional issues, such as crime scene to court, lab reports, health and safety, post-mortem and drug facilitated crimes- Incorporates effective pedagogy, key terms, review questions, discussion questions and additional reading suggestions

New designer drugs, access to databases, and changing availability of samples for analysis have changed the face of modern forensic toxicology in recent years. Forensic Toxicology: Drug Use and Misuse brings together the latest information direct from experts in each sub-field of the discipline providing a broad overview of current thinking and the most innovative approaches to case studies. The text begins with an in-depth discussion of pharmaco­epidemiology, including information on the value of nationwide databases in forensic toxicology. The use and abuse of drugs in driving, sport and the workplace are then discussed by industry experts who are conducting case work in their field. Not only are new drug groups discussed (NPS), but also their constantly changing impact on drug legislation. Synthetic cannabinoids, khat and mephodrone are discussed in detail. Following a section devoted to legislation and defence, readers will find comprehensive chapters covering sample choice reflecting the increasing use of hair and oral fluid, and also the less commonly used sweat and nail analysis. New and old case examples are compared and contrasted in the final part of the book, which will enable readers to understand how drugs impact on each other and how the interpretative outcome of a case are dependent on many aspects. From use of pharmaceutical drugs in a clinical setting, through smart drugs to new psychoactive drugs, this book documents the wide range in which drugs today are abused. This book will be an essential resource for postgraduate students in forensic toxicology, and for researchers in forensic toxicology laboratories who need the latest data and knowledge.

For the engineer or scientist using spectroscopic laser diagnostics to investigate gas-phase media or plasmas, this book is an excellent resource for gaining a deeper understanding of the physics of radiative transitions.  While a background in quantum mechanics is beneficial, the book presents a comprehensive review of the relevant aspects, extensively covering atomic and molecular structure alongside radiative transitions. The author employs effective Hamiltonians and Hund's case (a) basis wavefunctions to develop the energy level structure of diatomic molecules. These techniques also form the basis for treating radiative transitions in diatomic molecules. Recent advancements in quantum chemistry, enabling readers to calculate absolute single-photon and Raman transition strengths, are also presented. Illustrated with detailed example calculations of molecular structure and transition rates, this self-contained reference for spectroscopic data analysis will appeal to professionals in mechanical, aerospace, and chemical engineering, and in applied physics and chemistry.

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a powerful way to analyse a range of substances. It is used in everything from food safety to medicine. It has even been used to protect endangered vultures through analysis of poisonous pesticide molecules in their environment! I want to apply this technique, where do I begin? Is GC-MS is the right technique to use? How do I prepare my samples and calibrate the instruments? This textbook has the answers to all these questions and more. Throughout the book, case studies illustrate the practical process, the techniques used and any common challenges. Newcomers can easily search for answers to their question and find clear advice with coloured images on how to get started and all subsequent steps involved in using GC-MS as part of a research process. Readers will find information on collecting and preparing samples, designing and validating methods, analysing results, and troubleshooting. Examples of pollutant, food, oil and fragrance analysis bring the theory to life. The authors use their extensive experience teaching GC-MS theory and practice and draw on their combined backgrounds applying the technique in academic and industry settings to bring this practical reference together. The authors also design and teach the Royal Society of Chemistry's Pan Africa Chemistry Network GC-MS course, which is supported by GSK.

Based on a translated Japanese title published in 2012, this book provides fundamental aspects of experimental and computational methods, the properties and structure of solvents, ion solvation and equilibria and reactions of metal complexes in solution. It includes state-of-the-art details on metal complexes in newly developing sustainable liquids and applications in real life. Appealing to researchers working in coordination chemistry, including students and industrialists, the text uses exercises, tables and figures to help the reader with their understanding of the topic.

How can a plant as beautiful as the foxglove be so deadly and yet for more than a century be used to treat heart disease? The same is true of other naturally occurring molecules as will be revealed in this current book by award-winning author and chemist, John Emsley. More Molecules of Murder follows on from his highly-acclaimed earlier book Molecules of Murder, and again it deals with 14 potential poisons; seven of which are man-made and seven of which are natural. It investigates the crimes committed with them, not from the point of view of the murderers, their victims, or the detectives, but from the poison used. In so doing it throws new light on how these crimes were carried out and ultimately how the perpetrators were uncovered and brought to justice. Each chapter starts by looking at the target molecule itself, its discovery, its chemistry, its often-surprising use in medicine, its effects on the human body, and its toxicology. The rest of the chapter is devoted to murders and attempted murders in which it has been used. But, be reassured that murder by poison is not the threat it once was, thanks to laws which restrict access to such materials and to the skills of analytical chemists in detecting their presence in incredibly tiny amounts.

ORGANIC NANOCHEMISTRY How-to guide for entry-level practitioners to quickly learn the cutting-edge research concepts and methodologies of modern organic nanochemistry Organic Nanochemistry describes the fundamentals of organic nanochemistry research, encompassing modern synthetic reactions, supramolecular strategies, nanostructure and property characterization techniques, and state-of-the-art data analysis and processing methods, along with synthetic chemistry as applied to organic nanomaterials and molecular devices. Accompanying each of these principles are case studies (from basic design to detailed experimental implementation) to help the reader fully comprehend the concepts and methods involved. Various theories suitable for nanoscale simulations, including quantum mechanics, semi-empirical quantum mechanics, and molecular dynamics theories, are discussed at an introductory level. Computational examples are provided, allowing interested readers to grasp essential modelling techniques for better understanding of organic nanochemistry. The content is paired with online supplementary material that includes instructional materials and guides to using common scientific software for computational modelling and simulations. Written by a highly qualified professor, Organic Nanochemistry includes discussion on: Key concepts and theories of organic chemistry, which are essential to understand the fundamental properties of organic molecular and supramolecular systems Useful synthetic methodologies for the synthesis and functionalization of organic nanomaterials, and the chemistry and application of exotic carbon nanomaterials Supramolecular aspects in organic nanochemistry, especially the well-developed disciplines of host-guest chemistry and organic self-assembly chemistry Construction and testing of molecular devices and molecular machines and state-of-the-art computational modelling methods for properties of nanoscale organic systems Guiding the reader on a journey from familiar chemical concepts and principles to cutting-edge research of nano-science and technology, Organic Nanochemistry serves as an excellent textbook learning resource for advanced and graduate students, as well as a self-study guide or how-to reference for practicing chemists.

Benefitting from phytochemicals in medicinal plants has lately gained increasingly more global relevance. The medicinal bioactivity might range from wound healing activity to anti-inflammatory and anti-viral effects. This work describes the challenging scientific process of systematic identification and taxonomy through molecular profiling and nanoparticle production from plant extracts until a final use for e.g. cancer or HIV treatment. From the table of contents PART A: Biodiversity & Traditional Knowledge. __Habitats and Distribution. __Threats and Conservation. __Culture, tradition and indigenous practices. PART B: Phytochemical constituents - Molecules and Characterization Techniques. __Alkaloids & Flavonoids. __Tannin, Saponnin and Taxol. __Terpenoids, Steroids and Phenolic Compounds. __Essential oil and their constituents. __Characterization Techniques used for the analysis of phytochemical constituents. PART C: Medicinal Bioactivity. __Anti-cancerous and Anti HIV activity. __Anti-microbial, Anti-inflammatory and wound healing activity. __Anti-oxidant activity. __Anti-diabetic activity. __Anti-Corona virus and anti-viral activity. PART D: Nanotechnology. __Nano-materials synthesis from medicinal plant extract. __Characterization and activity of medicinal plant based nanoparticles. PART E: Pharmacology/Drug discovery. __Plant phytochemicals in drug discovery. __Extraction and production of drugs. __System pharmacology and drug discovery.

Successful completion of postgraduate studies, especially PhD, and career advancement in academia strongly depend on the ability to publish scientific papers or books and attract research grants. However, many chemical scientists find preparing scientific papers and research grant and book proposals difficult; partly because of insufficient training in writing and partly because there are few practical books to enable them to learn the art. This step-by-step practical guide is intended mainly for postgraduate students and early career researchers in chemical science and the libraries that serve them but will also be useful to other scientists. Key Features: Improves the reader's chances of getting their manuscript published in chemistry journals. Increases the likelihood of winning research grants in chemistry. Takes a "lead by the hand" approach. Contains chapters on the preparation of graphical abstracts and research highlights. Uses sketches and other illustration styles to aid mental visualization of concepts. Contains practical examples taken from published papers and successful research grant proposals.

This accessible and self-contained guide provides a comprehensive introduction to the popular programming language Python, with a focus on applications in chemistry and chemical physics. Ideally suited to students and researchers of chemistry learning to employ Python for problem-solving in their research, this fast-paced primer first builds a solid foundation in the programming language before progressing to advanced concepts and applications in chemistry. The required syntax and data structures are established, and then applied to solve problems computationally. Popular numerical packages are described in detail, including NumPy, SciPy, Matplotlib, SymPy, and pandas. End of chapter problems are included throughout, with worked solutions available within the book. Additional resources, datasets, and Jupyter Notebooks are provided on a companion website, allowing readers to reinforce their understanding and gain confidence applying their knowledge through a hands-on approach.

Quantum Chemistry provides a coherent and structured approach in introducing the concept of 'quantum' to the students of quantum mechanics. An attempt is made to bring out the subtleties of quantum mechanics, hidden in its abstract laws and equations, applicable to the atomic domain by showing its relevance to the observable macroscopic world as well. The book will help students dispel the stigma associated with quantum mechanics. The emphasis on conceptual approach provides a platform to stand on, and a stimulus to pursue higher quantum mechanics--the doorway to the all-pervasive quantum world. Print edition not for sale in South Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan or Bhutan).

Quantum crystallography (QCr) is a novel scientific discipline combining quantum chemistry methods and crystal structure determination. Written by leading experts in the field, this book describes original quantum-mechanical approaches to obtain crystallographic data of enhanced value and explains how they correlate with real diffraction and scattering experiments. In particular, the book covers quantum N-representability, Clinton equations, kernel energy method (KEM), and quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) methods and their applications in crystallographic studies. Readers will be interested in the Foreword written by Nobel Laureate Ada Yonath and the Epilogue by noted science philosopher Olimpia Lombardi.

No detailed description available for "The Sixth Element".

Tea is the world's most popular beverage. Dive into a cup of tea with a chemist and discover the rich molecular brew that can be extracted from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant. Tea contains over a hundred different chemical compounds which contribute to its colour, taste and scent - and its stimulating effects. The best-known is caffeine, but how does caffeine end up in tea and how can you get it out? Beginning with the leaves, Steeped explores the chemistry behind different styles of tea, from green teas to pu-erh. It tackles the age-old question of when, or even whether, to add milk. And it puts the chemistry to use with advice on how to brew a better cup.

This book is an expanded and updated version of Part III of the authors' previous work, Advanced Structural Inorganic Chemistry (OUP 2008). The original part deals with main-group elements, the rare-earth elements, transition-metal clusters, and supramolecular systems. In this new book, selected material from significant advances in the past decade has been added, with particular emphasis on compounds that exemplify new types of bonds such as sigma-hole, triel bond, tetrel bond, pnictogen bond, chalcogen bond, halogen bond, halogen-halogen interaction, aerogen bond, as well as quintuple and sextuple metal-metal bonds. Other new topics include actinide compounds, metallophilicity, heterometallic macrocycles and cages, com- and dis-proportionation reactions, hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs), halogen-bonded organic frameworks, halogen-halogen interactions in supramolecular frameworks, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs).

Superatoms are a growing topic of interest in nanoscience, bringing the physics of electronic structure together with the chemistry of atomically precise clusters. They offer the prospect of materials design based on the targeted tunability of nanoscale building blocks, creating electronic materials that can be used as everything from catalysts to computing hardware. This book is designed to be an introduction to the field, covering the history of the concept and related theoretical models from cluster physics. It provides an overview of modern theoretical techniques and presents a survey of recent literature, with particular emphasis on the utilisation of these nanoscale building blocks. It explores the jellium model, shell structure in nuclear physics, and the relationship of these to the solution of the Schrödinger equation for the atom. The subsequent extension into density functional theory enables multiple examples of recent literature studies to be used to demonstrate the key concepts. This book is an ideal introduction for students looking to build bridges between cluster and condensed matter physics and the chemistry of superatoms, in particular at a graduate level.

Synthesis of Metal-Organic Frameworks via Water-Based Routes: A Green and Sustainable Approach describes a sustainable approach for the synthesis of metal-organic frameworks. Bringing together chapters on the aqueous synthesis and stability of metal-organic frameworks, as well as the applications of water stable metal-organic frameworks, this timely book shows how green processing technology utilizing water as a main solvent for the synthesis of metal-organic frameworks can eliminate solvent consumption, lower investment costs and reduce energy requirements. Providing quantitative descriptions and reliable guidelines, the book summarizes the fundamental approaches and principles to prepare metal-organic frame works, highlighting the most exciting preparations and applications.

"Kaltenegger's breezy narrative style invites you to experience with her the challenges and joys of being a scientist on the frontier of discovery." --Neil deGrasse Tyson, Astrophysicist, American Museum of Natural History "Horizon-expanding... [Kaltenegger] has something of Sagan's knack for eliciting wonder." --The Times "A superb testament to the scientific virtue of curious wonder." --Wall Street Journal For thousands of years, humans have wondered whether we're alone in the cosmos. Now, for the first time, we have the technology to investigate. But once you look for life elsewhere, you realize it is not so simple. How do you find it over cosmic distances? What actually is life? As founding director of Cornell University's Carl Sagan Institute, astrophysicist Lisa Kaltenegger has built a team of tenacious scientists from many disciplines to create a specialized toolkit to find life on faraway worlds. In Alien Earths, she demonstrates how we can use our homeworld as a Rosetta Stone, creatively analyzing Earth's history and its astonishing biosphere to inform this search. With infectious enthusiasm, she takes us on an eye-opening journey to the most unusual exoplanets that have shaken our worldview - planets covered in oceans of lava, lonely wanderers lost in space, and others with more than one sun in their sky! And the best contenders for Alien Earths. We also see the imagined worlds of science fiction and how close they come to reality. With the James Webb Space Telescope and Dr. Kaltenegger's pioneering work, she shows that we live in an incredible new epoch of exploration. As our witty and knowledgeable tour guide, Dr. Kaltenegger shows how we discover not merely new continents, like the explorers of old, but whole new worlds circling other stars and how we could spot life there. Worlds from where aliens may even be gazing back at us. What if we're not alone?

No detailed description available for "The Beauty of Falling".

Frank Close explores the deep, and as yet unresolved, puzzle of why matter is electrically neutral.

A definitive scholarly edition of the correspondence and papers of Albert Einstein This volume finds Einstein recovered and traveling again after a prolonged illness, to Paris, London, and Zurich to receive three honorary doctorates; to the Sixth Solvay Congress in Brussels and to Leyden; and to attend the Constituent Meeting of the Jewish Agency Council in Zurich and the twelfth session of the ICIC in Geneva. By the end of the volume, Einstein embarks on a transatlantic voyage for the first time in five years to spend an academic term at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. Einstein's work focuses on the teleparallel approach to unified field theory, on which he engages in intensive correspondence with Élie Cartan and begins his collaboration with Walther Mayer. He also presents popular accounts of his work, surveying the historical progression from classical to twentieth-century physics leading up to the latest developments in unified field theory. He also engages in lively exchanges on both technical and foundational issues in quantum mechanics with W. Pauli, M. Born, M. Schlick, and others. His personal correspondence reflects eventful changes: the Einsteins realize their dream of owning a summer house outside Berlin, Einstein becomes a grandfather, his younger son Eduard commences his university studies and has his first serious mental health crisis, and his younger stepdaughter Margot gets married. Einstein's ties to the Zionist movement are seriously tested in the wake of the violence that erupts in British Mandate Palestine in 1929, to which he reacts with forceful calls for a genuine symbiosis between Jews and Arabs, proposing the establishment of joint administrative, economic, and social organizations. He warns that without finding "the path to honest cooperation and honest negotiations with the Arabs," "we [Jews] have learned nothing from our two-thousand-year ordeal and deserve the fate that will befall us." In Germany, too, Einstein champions democracy in the face of rising support for the Nazi Party, is active on behalf of Jewish refugees, opposes the death penalty, and supports abortion rights and the decriminalization of homosexuality. Einstein promotes pacifism more vigorously. His efforts to promote peace follow three distinct transnational avenues: disarmament, conscientious objection, and apolitical pacifism, aimed "to find practical mechanisms to restrict the nation state."

An English-language edition of selected correspondence and papers of Albert Einstein A translation of selected non-English texts included in Volume 17 is available in paperback. Since this supplementary paperback includes only select portions of Volume 17, it is not recommended for purchase without the main volume. Every document in The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein appears in the language in which it was written, and this supplementary paperback volume presents the English translations of select portions of non-English materials in Volume 17. This translation does not include notes or annotations of the documentary volume and is not intended for use without the original language documentary edition, which provides the extensive editorial commentary necessary for a full historical and scientific understanding of the documents.

Comets III brings a comprehensive update to the latest breakthroughs in comet science over the last twenty years and showcases how recent space missions and advancements in telescopic observations have revolutionized our understanding of these celestial bodies. With the contributions of more than eighty authors spanning twenty-five chapters, Comets III investigates the early solar system origins of comets and the clues provided by the composition and distribution of their present population for their long-term dynamical evolution and interrelations with other members of the solar system. Organized thematically, each section is designed to enable connections across disciplinary boundaries in both planetary science and planetary formation astrophysics. This comprehensive volume explores recent advancements in space missions, telescopic observations, and robotic surveys, providing new understandings of the origins and dynamics of comets. Intended for both researchers and students, Comets III offers insights into unresolved questions and sets the stage for future advancements.

A complete treatment of all aspects of dark matter physics This book provides an incisive, self-contained introduction to one of the most intriguing subjects in modern physics, presenting the evidence we have from astrophysics for the existence of dark matter, the theories for what it could be, and the cutting-edge experimental and observational methods for testing them. It begins with a survey of the astrophysical phenomena, from rotation curves to lensing and cosmological structure formation. It goes on to offer the most comprehensive overview available of all three major theories, discussing weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), axions, and primordial black holes. The book explains the constraints on each theory, such as direct detection and indirect astrophysical limits, and enables students to build physical intuition using hands-on exercises and supplemental material. The only book to treat extensively WIMPs, axions, and primordial black holes Provides balanced coverage of the evidence, theory, and testing for dark matter from astrophysics, particle physics, and experimental physics Includes original problems and short quizzes throughout Accompanied by Jupyter notebooks that give sample calculations and methods to reproduce key results and graphs An ideal textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students and an essential reference for researchers

Edmond Halley is known far and wide thanks largely to the comet bearing his name, the return of which he predicted in 1705. While that discovery would be enough to make the career of any scientist, Halley's massive contributions to the fields of astronomy, navigation, geophysics, mathematics, engineering, and actuarial science as a young man and eventually as Astronomer Royal are mostly overlooked. Edmond Halley: The Many Discoveries of the Most Curious Astronomer Royal is a revelatory and deeply researched biography of a man whose defining achievement isn't even the half of it. A jack-of-all-trades when it came to scientific reasoning, an all-around academic and workaholic who couldn't leave well enough alone, Halley was amazingly productive and prolific. He was behind some of the most groundbreaking discoveries in human history: It was Halley who was the first to accurately plot the stars of the southern hemisphere. He published Isaac Newton's Principia, arguably the most important scientific text ever written; translated the works of ancient Greek mathematician Apollonius; captained the ship Paramore on a scientific expedition to plot the Earth's magnetic fields; was the first to calculate mortality annuities, creating the foundation for actuarial science; made improvements to the diving bell; surveyed the tides of the English Channel; and began the movement to accurately measure the distance between the Earth and Sun, unlocking the key to determining the distances to the nearest stars. In this incisive and perceptive biography, author David K. Love reveals the boundless mind and endless curiosity of Edmond Halley firmly cementing the legacy of the second Astronomer Royal among the first-rate scientists of his time.

A revelatory story of the woman who made foundational contributions to science and mathematics and persevered in the face of discrimination. Emmy Noether's mathematical genius enabled Einstein to bring his General Theory of Relativity-the basis of our current theory of gravity-to fruition. On a larger scale, what came to be known as "Noether's Theorem"--called by a Nobel laureate "the single most profound result in all of physics"--supplied the basis for the most accurate theory in the history of physics, the Standard Model, which forms our modern theory of matter.   Noether's life story is equally important and revelatory in understanding the pernicious nature of sexual prejudice in the sciences, revealing the shocking discrimination against one of the true intellectual giants of the twentieth century, a woman effectively excluded from the opportunities given to her male counterparts. Noether's personality and optimistic spirit, as Lee Phillips reveals, enabled her unique genius to persevere and arrive at insights that still astonish those who encounter them a century later.   

A Nobel laureate offers a brief lesson on physics' biggest mystery, accessibly explaining the two quantum revolutions that changed our understanding of reality.   At the start of the twentieth century, the first quantum revolution upset our vision of the world. New physics offered surprising realities, such as wave-particle duality, and led to major inventions: the transistor, the laser, and today's computers. Less known is the second quantum revolution, arguably initiated in 1935 during a debate between giants Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr. This revolution is still unfolding. Its revolutionaries--including the author of this short accessible book, Nobel Prize-winning physicist Alain Aspect--explore the notion of entangled particles, able to interact at seemingly impossible distances. Aspect's research has helped to show how entanglement may both upend existing technologies, like cryptography, and usher in entirely new ones, like quantum computing. Explaining this physics of the future, this work tells a story of how philosophical debates can shape new realities.

The "artfully written...splendid history of classical and quantum physics" (Science) that "rightfully highlights the limitations of current physics" (Wall Street Journal) and argues for a revolutionary new understanding of quantum mechanics  The received wisdom in quantum physics is that, at the deepest levels of reality, there are no actual causes for atomic events. This idea led to the outlandish belief that quantum objects--indeed, reality itself--aren't real unless shaped by human measurement. Einstein mocked this idea, asking whether his bed spread out across his room unless he looked at it. And yet it remains one of the most influential ideas in science and our culture.    In Escape from Shadow Physics, Adam Forrest Kay takes up Einstein's torch: reality isn't mysterious or dependent on human measurement, but predictable and independent of us. At the heart of his argument is groundbreaking research with little drops of oil. These droplets behave as particles do in the long-overlooked quantum theory of pilot waves; crucially, they showcase quantum behavior while being described by classical physics. And that classical-quantum interface points to a true understanding of quantum mechanics and a reasonable universe.  A bold and essential reset of the field, Escape from Shadow Physics describes the kind of true scientific revolution that comes along just once--or less--in a century.

This innovative text helps demystify numerical modelling for early-stage physics and engineering students. It takes a hands-on, project-based approach, with each chapter focusing on an intriguing physics problem taken from classical mechanics, electrodynamics, thermodynamics, astrophysics, and quantum mechanics. To solve these problems, students must apply different numerical methods for themselves, building up their knowledge and practical skills organically. Each project includes a discussion of the fundamentals, the mathematical formulation of the problem, an introduction to the numerical methods and algorithms, and exercises, with solutions available to instructors. The methods presented focus primarily on differential equations, both ordinary and partial, as well as basic mathematical operations. Developed over many years of teaching a computational modelling course, this stand-alone book equips students with an essential numerical modelling toolkit for today's data-driven landscape, and gives them new ways to explore science and engineering.

For the engineer or scientist using spectroscopic laser diagnostics to investigate gas-phase media or plasmas, this book is an excellent resource for gaining a deeper understanding of the physics of radiative transitions.  While a background in quantum mechanics is beneficial, the book presents a comprehensive review of the relevant aspects, extensively covering atomic and molecular structure alongside radiative transitions. The author employs effective Hamiltonians and Hund's case (a) basis wavefunctions to develop the energy level structure of diatomic molecules. These techniques also form the basis for treating radiative transitions in diatomic molecules. Recent advancements in quantum chemistry, enabling readers to calculate absolute single-photon and Raman transition strengths, are also presented. Illustrated with detailed example calculations of molecular structure and transition rates, this self-contained reference for spectroscopic data analysis will appeal to professionals in mechanical, aerospace, and chemical engineering, and in applied physics and chemistry.

The latest volume in the New York Times-bestselling physics series explains Einstein's masterpiece: the general theory of relativity  He taught us classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, and special relativity. Now, physicist Leonard Susskind, assisted by a new collaborator, André Cabannes, returns to tackle Einstein's general theory of relativity. Starting from the equivalence principle and covering the necessary mathematics of Riemannian spaces and tensor calculus, Susskind and Cabannes explain the link between gravity and geometry. They delve into black holes, establish Einstein field equations, and solve them to describe gravity waves. The authors provide vivid explanations that, to borrow a phrase from Einstein himself, are as simple as possible (but no simpler).  An approachable yet rigorous introduction to one of the most important topics in physics, General Relativity is a must-read for anyone who wants a deeper knowledge of the universe's real structure.  

Presents cutting-edge studies of helicities from different research fields Helicities play essential roles in numerous geophysical, astrophysical, and magnetohydrodynamic phenomena, thus are studied from various disciplinary viewpoints. Helicities in Geophysics, Astrophysics, and Beyond draws together experts from different research fields to present an interdisciplinary and integrated approach to helicity studies. This synthesis advances understanding of the fundamental physical processes underlying various helicity-related phenomena. Volume highlights include: Concise introduction to fundamental properties of helicities Recent developments and achievements in helicity studies Perspectives from different fields including geophysics, space physics, solar physics, plasma physics, atmospheric and nonlinear sciences A cohesive mathematical, physical, observational, experimental, and numerical strategy for helicity studies A synthesized framework for the application of helicity to real-world problems The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

This novel text directly addresses common claims and misconceptions around quantum mechanics and presents a fresh and modern understanding of this fundamental and essential physical theory. It begins with a non-mathematical introduction to some of the more controversial topics in the foundations of quantum mechanics. For those more familiar with the theoretical framework of quantum mechanics, the text moves on to a general introduction to quantum field theory, followed by a detailed discussion of cutting-edge topics in this area such as decoherence and spontaneous coherence. Several important philosophical problems in quantum mechanics are considered, and their interpretations are compared, notably the Copenhagen and many-worlds interpretations. The inclusion of frequent real-world examples, such as superconductors and superfluids, ensures the book remains grounded in modern research. This book will be a valuable resource for students and researchers in both physics and the philosophy of science interested in the foundations of quantum mechanics.

The book provides an accessible introduction to the principles of condensed matter physics with a focus on the nanosciences and device technologies. The basics of electronic, phononic, photonic, superconducting, optics, quantum optics, and magnetic properties are explored, and nanoscience and device materials are incorporated throughout the chapters. Many examples of the fundamental principles of condensed matter physics are taken directly from nanoscience and device applications. This book requires a background in electrodynamics, quantum mechanics, and statistical mechanics at the undergraduate level. It will be a valuable reference for advanced undergraduates and graduate students of physics, engineering, and applied mathematics. Features Contains discussions of the basic principles of quantum optics and its importance to lasers, quantum information, and quantum computation. Provides references and a further reading list to additional scientific literature so that readers can use the book as a starting point to then follow up with a more advanced treatment of the topics covered. Requires only a basic background in undergraduate electrodynamics, quantum mechanics, and statistical mechanics.

The language of the universe is mathematics, but how exactly do you know that all parts of the universe "speak" the same language? Benioff builds on the idea that the entity that gives substance to both mathematics and physics is the fundamental field, called the "value field". While exploring this idea, he notices the similarities that the value field shares with several mysterious phenomena in modern physics: the Higgs field, and dark energy. The author first introduces the concept of the value field and uses it to reformulate the basic framework of number theory, calculus, and vector spaces and bundles. The book moves on to find applications to classical field theory, quantum mechanics and gauge theory. The last two chapters address the relationship between theory and experiment, and the possible physical consequences of both the existence and non-existence of the value field. The book is open-ended, and the list of open questions is certainly longer than the set of proposed answers. Paul Benioff, a pioneer in the field of quantum computing and the author of the first quantum-mechanical description of the Turing machine, devoted the last few years of his life to developing a universal description in which mathematics and physics would be on equal footing. He died on March 29, 2022, his work nearly finished. The final editing was undertaken by Marek Czachor who, in the editorial afterword, attempts to place the author's work in the context of a shift in the scientific paradigm looming on the horizon.

An indispensable resource for readers in physics and mathematics seeking a solid grasp of the mathematical tools shaping modern theoretical physics, this book comprises a practical introduction to the mathematical theory of modular forms and their application to the physics of string theory and supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. Suitable for adventurous undergraduates, motivated graduate students, and researchers wishing to navigate the intersection of cutting-edge research in physics and mathematics, it guides readers from the theory of elliptic functions to the fascinating mathematical world of modular forms, congruence subgroups, Hecke theory, and more. Having established a solid basis, the book proceeds to numerous applications in physics, with only minimal prior knowledge assumed. Appendices review foundational topics, making the text accessible to a broad audience, along with exercises and detailed solutions that provide opportunities for practice. After working through the book, readers will be equipped to carry out research in the field.

An unprecedented examination of NASA's strong ties to the American South, exploring how the space program and the region have influenced each other over 60 years    During the Cold War, federal funding for the space program transformed the southern United States as NASA built most of its major new facilities in the region and invested heavily in Project Apollo. This volume examines the economic, social, political, and cultural impacts of NASA on the South since the space program was founded in 1958 and explores how the program's strong relationship to the region has affected NASA's organizational culture, technological development, and programmatic goals.  Featuring contributions by scholars from a range of backgrounds, including space historians and specialists in many other fields, NASA and the American South offers perspectives on how NASA provided a springboard for the complete restructuring of communities that were home to its facilities in Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas. These changes unsettled previous patterns of life, and the chapters in this volume include assessments of NASA's influence on regional development, tourism, art and architecture, religion, and Black institutions of higher education.  Bridging the gap between the history of technology and its geographical and cultural contexts, this book offers an unprecedented reevaluation of the impact of the space program on its surrounding landscape, introducing a new framework for interpreting the agency's legacy.    Contributors: Jennifer Ross-Nazzal | Dr Roger D. Launius | Professor Stephen P. Waring | Andrew J. Dunar | Emily A. Margolis | Douglas Brinkley | Rachael Kirschenmann | Caroline T. Swope | Jeffrey Nesbit | Stuart Simms | Kari Edwards | Max Campbell | Drew Adan | Brian C. Odom | Arslan Jumaniyazov | Katarzyna Balug

NONLINEAR OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY Comprehensive resources describing today's Nonlinear Optics (NLO) technology, its applications, and concepts behind the technology Taking shape at the unique interdisciplinary engineering school at Dartmouth College, Nonlinear Optical Technology explores the importance of NLO in terms of how it permeates a vast number of applications such as fiber optics, biomedicine, sensors (especially Internet of Things), microscopy, spectroscopy, and machining, under the assumption engineers of all stripes may end up working in technical areas impacted by Nonlinear Optics (NLO) and would benefit from learning about the field. Each section follows a set format, beginning by describing some exciting new technology made possible by NLO. This part is followed by a description of the background information necessary for students to understand the basic NLO concepts for that application. The author occasionally includes personal experiences as a pioneer in this field where it provides additional understanding and motivation. Each section ends with a description of other developments in technology that use the same NLO concept. Bringing together disparate topics in NLO under a straight-forward rubric based on applications, Nonlinear Optical Technology includes information on: Extending lasers (with NLO technology), covering new colors (harmonic generation, stimulated raman, and stimulated brillouin) and pulsed lasers (saturable absorption and ultra-high harmonic generation) Information technology, covering telecommunications (fiber optics NLO and photonic NLO) and data storage (NLO in nanostructures and photonic crystals) Sensors, covering distributed sensing (brillouin scattering in fibers) and localized sensors (NLO in photonics) Materials interaction, covering machining (nonlinear absorption), spectroscopy (four-wave mixing), and microscopy (two-photon absorption) Serving as a comprehensive standalone resource on the subject for engineers and students without requiring pre-knowledge of advanced concepts, Nonlinear Optical Technology is an essential resource for those in fields that intersect with NLO applications and integration, as well as anyone who wishes to self-teach NLO concepts in general.

LONGLISTED FOR THE NATIONAL BOOK AWARD * NATIONAL BESTSELLER * "A riveting feat of science writing that recasts that most familiar of celestial objects into something eerily extraordinary, pivotal to our history, and awesome in the original sense of the word."--Ed Yong, New York Times bestselling author of An Immense World WINNER OF THE LOS ANGELES TIMES BOOK PRIZE * A NEW YORKER AND SMITHSONIAN BEST BOOK OF THE YEAR * A New York Times Book Review Editors' Choice Many of us know that the Moon pulls on our oceans, driving the tides, but did you know that it smells like gunpowder? Or that it was essential to the development of science and religion? Acclaimed journalist Rebecca Boyle takes readers on a dazzling tour to reveal the intimate role that our 4.51-billion-year-old companion has played in our biological and cultural evolution. Our Moon's gravity stabilized Earth's orbit--and its climate. It drew nutrients to the surface of the primordial ocean, where they fostered the evolution of complex life. The Moon continues to influence animal migration and reproduction, plants' movements, and, possibly, the flow of the very blood in our veins. While the Sun helped prehistoric hunters and gatherers mark daily time, early civilizations used the phases of the Moon to count months and years, allowing them to plan farther ahead. Mesopotamian priests recorded the Moon's position in order to make predictions, and, in the process, created the earliest known empirical, scientific observations. In Our Moon, Boyle introduces us to ancient astronomers and major figures of the scientific revolution, including Johannes Kepler and his influential lunar science fiction. Our relationship to the Moon changed when Apollo astronauts landed on it in 1969, and it's about to change again. As governments and billionaires aim to turn a profit from its resources, Rebecca Boyle shows us that the Moon belongs to everybody, and nobody at all.

Very Short Introductions: Brilliant, Sharp, Inspiring Following the discovery of the Higgs boson, Frank Close has produced this major revision to his classic and compelling introduction to the fundamental particles that make up the universe. Frank Close takes us on a journey into the atom to examine known particles such as quarks, electrons, and the ghostly neutrino, and explains the key role and significance of the Higgs boson. Along the way he provides fascinating insights into how discoveries in particle physics have actually been made, and discusses how our picture of the world has been radically revised in the light of these developments. He concludes by looking ahead to new ideas about the mystery of antimatter and massive neutrinos, and to what the next 50 years of research might reveal about the nature of the Higgs field which moulds the fundamental particles and forces. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

Aimed primarily at experimental chemists, physicists, electronic engineers and material scientists interested in particulate and granular magnetic materials, this textbook covers the basic physics of magnetism as well as providing a detailed description of ferrofluids and their technological applications.

The instant New York Times bestseller Quanta and Fields, the second book of Sean Carroll's already internationally acclaimed series The Biggest Ideas in the Universe, is an adventure into the bare stuff of reality.   Sean Carroll is creating a profoundly new approach to sharing physics with a broad audience, one that goes beyond analogies to show how physicists really think. He cuts to the bare mathematical essence of our most profound theories, explaining every step in a uniquely accessible way.   Quantum field theory is how modern physics describes nature at its most profound level. Starting with the basics of quantum mechanics itself, Sean Carroll explains measurement and entanglement before explaining how the world is really made of fields. You will finally understand why matter is solid, why there is antimatter, where the sizes of atoms come from, and why the predictions of quantum field theory are so spectacularly successful. Fundamental ideas like spin, symmetry, Feynman diagrams, and the Higgs mechanism are explained for real, not just through amusing stories. Beyond Newton, beyond Einstein, and all the intuitive notions that have guided homo sapiens for millennia, this book is a journey to a once unimaginable truth about what our universe is.

Quantum mechanics is an extraordinarily successful scientific theory. It is also completely baffling. From the moment of its inception, its founders struggled to understand its meaning. This struggle was most famously encapsulated in the debate between Niels Bohr and Albert Einstein; Quantum Drama tells the story of their engagement and its legacy.

Building on mathematical structures familiar from quantum mechanics, this book provides an introduction to quantization in a broad context before developing a framework for quantum geometry in Matrix Theory and string theory. Taking a physics-oriented approach to quantum geometry, this framework helps explain the physics of Yang-Mills-type matrix models, leading to a quantum theory of space-time and matter. This novel framework is then applied to Matrix Theory, which is defined through distinguished maximally supersymmetric matrix models related to string theory. A mechanism for gravity is discussed in depth, which emerges as a quantum effect on quantum space-time within Matrix Theory. Using explicit examples and exercises, readers will develop a physical intuition for the mathematical concepts and mechanisms. It will benefit advanced students and researchers in theoretical and mathematical physics, and is a useful resource for physicists and mathematicians interested in the geometrical aspects of quantization in a broader context.on in a broader context.on in a broader context.on in a broader context.

This book adopts a novel, physics-first approach to quantum measurement, using physical experiments as the basis to describe the underlying mathematical formalism. Topics covered include weak measurements, quantum measurement reversal, quantum trajectories and the stochastic path integral formalism. The theory of quantum measurement is also covered in detail, including discussion of how it can be tested and demonstrated in a laboratory: how to build quantum-limited amplifiers, fundamental noise limits imposed on measurement by quantum mechanics, and the design of superconducting circuits. This text is an excellent introduction for students with a basic understanding of quantum mechanics wanting to learn more about measurement theory, and the inclusion of a wide selection of end-of-chapter exercises make this book ideal for emerging courses on the topic. Key chapters introducing the foundations of quantum computing and the history of measurement theory are equally accessible to a broader, less specialised audience.

"The second edition of Quantum Optics for Engineers: Quantum Entanglement is an updated, and extended version of its first edition. New features include a transparent interferometric derivation of the physics for quantum entanglement devoid of mysteries and paradoxes. It also provides a utilitarian matrix version of quantum entanglement apt for engineering applications. Features: introduces quantum entanglement via the Dirac-Feynman interferometric principle, free of paradoxes, provides a practical matrix version of quantum entanglement which is highly utilitarian and useful for engineers, focuses on the physics relevant to quantum entanglement and is coherently and consistently presented via Dirac's notation, illustrates the interferometric quantum origin of fundamental optical principles such as diffraction, refraction, and reflection, and emphasizes mathematical transparency and extends on a pragmatic interpretation of quantum mechanics. The book is written for advanced physics and engineering students, practicing engineers and scientists seeking a workable-practical introduction to quantum optics and quantum entanglement"-- Provided by publisher.

This modern text describes the remarkable developments in quantum condensed matter physics following the experimental discoveries of quantum Hall effects and high temperature superconductivity in the 1980s. After a review of the phases of matter amenable to an independent particle description, entangled phases of matter are described in an accessible and unified manner. The concepts of fractionalization and emergent gauge fields are introduced using the simplest resonating valence bond insulator with an energy gap, the Z2 spin liquid. Concepts in band topology and the parton method are then combined to obtain a large variety of experimentally relevant gapped states. Correlated metallic states are described, beginning with a discussion of the Kondo effect on magnetic impurities in metals. Metals without quasiparticle excitations are introduced using the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model, followed by a discussion of critical Fermi surfaces and strange metals. Numerous end-of-chapter problems expand readers' comprehension and reinforce key concepts.

A behind-the-scenes look at the latest tool in astrophysics: computer simulations of the cosmos.   Simulating the Cosmos is a behind-the-scenes look at one of the hottest and fastest-moving areas of astrophysics today: simulations of cosmology and galaxy formation. Leading cosmologist Romeel Davé guides you through the trials and tribulations of what it takes to teach computers how galaxies form, the amazing insights revealed by cosmological simulations, and the many mysteries yet to be solved. This rollicking journey is a rare glimpse into science in action, showing how cosmologists are using supercomputers to uncover the secrets of how the universe came to be.  

The riveting story of a modern age scientific feud between two Nobel Prize-winning scientists over the nature of cosmic rays and the universe. Set in a revolutionary era of physics and science when a series of rapid-fire discoveries was upending our understanding of the universe, Splinters of Infinity by Mark Wolverton tells a little-known story: the tale of two of America's foremost physicists, Robert Millikan (1868-1953) and Arthur Compton (1892-1962), who found themselves locked in an intense, often deeply personal, conflict about cosmic rays. Confirmed in 1912, cosmic rays--enigmatic forms of penetrating radiation--seemed to raise all new questions about the origins of the universe, but they also offered the potential to explain everything--or reveal the existence of God. In engaging, accessible prose, Wolverton takes the reader through the twists and turns of the Millikan-Compton debate, one of the first major public examples of how heated the controversies among scientists could become--and the lengths that scientists would go to settle their disputes. What set them apart, at least in most cases, Wolverton shows, was their ability to concentrate finally on what mattered: the science. Along the way, Wolverton probes the forever elusive question, still unanswered today, about where cosmic rays come from and what they reveal about black holes, distant galaxies, the existence of dark matter and dark energy, and the birth of the universe, concluding that these splinters of infinity may not hold the keys to the secret of creation but do bring us ever closer to it.

Thermal radiation studies have progressed rapidly, not only in theoretical and experimental exploration beyond the conventional use but also in advanced applications. This is a one-stop resource for capturing and discussing these cutting-edge developments exploring the theory, experiments, and applications of thermal radiation from macro- to nanoscale. Presented in a systematic framework, this book is divided into two parts: the first on macroscopic thermal radiation and the second on micro- and nanoscale thermal radiation. Each part delivers basic theory, numerical methods, advanced experimental techniques, and promising applications, making this an easy-to-follow guide meeting both basic and advanced needs. Supported by more than 180 colorful illustrations, readers can clearly visualize the theory, experiments, and applications in practice. A book for all, written at a graduate level but undoubtedly a useful tool for researchers, professionals, and even engineers who are interested in this fast-developing area.

This book describes the basics and historical aspects of thin film. The introductory chapter of this book contains various aspects about thin-film deposition methods, significance of nanomaterials in the fabrication of thin film, certain fundamental characteristics of thin films (electrical, optical, and morphological), some challenges (thickness uniformity, film adhesion issues, temperature-related challenges, film defects and quality control, preparation of the surface of the substrate before deposition, etc.) faced during the formation of thin film, significance, and different types of deposition techniques along with their basic introduction, working principle, construction, merits/demerits, and also application in specific fields. This book specifically works on the techniques of thin-film deposition and role of the thin film in the formation of these deposition methods.

Experience the drama of the explosive cosmos and the astonishing discoveries being made about the universe's wildest phenomena. The violent birth of the universe was only the first bang of a very bumpy ride. This unfathomably cacophonous beginning has spawned blasts, implosions, cosmic cannibalism, collisions, and countless other fleeting energetic events punctuating the cosmos. Although often brief, these transient phenomena pack a powerful punch. Armed with decades of theoretical progress, unrivaled computing power, and cutting-edge technology, astronomers find themselves at the cusp of understanding not just the events themselves, but also how those events reveal the story of the entire cosmos. In Things That Go Bump in the Universe, astronomer and science writer C. Renée James introduces us to her colleagues around the world, who are using pioneering research techniques to explore everything from the very first explosions in the universe to the dark energy that could destroy it all. Along the way, James describes the history of transient astronomy, how the universe presents itself through various astronomical messengers, and the unexpected connections between different phenomena. Capturing the drama of a wild, violent cosmos for the curious reader, James explains a different category of transient event in each chapter, using easy-to-understand metaphors and stories to explain the science behind these awe-inspiring, cosmological encounters. Things That Go Bump in the Universe explores the incredible discoveries being made in this revolutionary field, the tools used to detect cosmic events, and the astronomical mysteries that continue to puzzle observers and theorists. James weaves together the stories of our turbulent universe--informative, entertaining, frequently perplexing, and occasionally philosophical--and the people who are trying to make sense of it.

This book focuses on one of the oldest and most fundamental questions in both physics and philosophy: the nature of time. It presents original theoretical physics research on the 'problem of time' in modern physics, in parallel with a new philosophical framework for the analysis of symmetry and evolution in physical theory, as well as new work on the early modern precursors to the problem of time. Contrary to the standard wisdom, this book argues that a substantive notion of time can, and should, be retained within a consistent formalism for modern physical theory. The book marshals an array of philosophical and formal tools to justify this claim and analyses its physical implications. This book is the first of a two-volume project articulating a new approach to the analysis of time in modern physical theory. The second volume will extend and apply this approach in the context of classical and quantum gravity including quantum cosmological models.

Wave Optics in Infrared Spectroscopy starts where conventional books about infrared spectroscopy end. Whereas the latter are based on the Bouguer-Beer-Lambert law, the cornerstones of this book are wave optics and dispersion theory.This gap between both levels of theory is bridged to allow a seamless transition from one to the other. Based on these foundations, the reader is able to choose which level of theory is adequate for the particular problem at hand. Advanced topics like 2D correlation analysis, chemometrics and strong coupling are introduced and viewed from a wave optics perspective. Spectral mixing rules are also considered to better understand spectra of heterogeneous samples. Finally, optical anisotropy is examined to allow a better understanding of spectral features due to orientation and orientational averaging. This discussion is based on a 4 x 4 matrix formalism, which is used not only to simulate and analyze complex materials, but also to understand vibrational circular dichroism from a (semi-) classical point of view.Wave Optics in Infrared Spectroscopy is written as a tool to reunite the fragmented field of infrared spectroscopy. It will appeal to chemists, physicists, and chemical/optical engineers.- Assists the reader (including those with less physical science backgrounds) in using more of the extensive benefits that infrared spectroscopy can provide by making them better aware and informed about the higher-level theory- Foundations of the book are built on wave optics and dispersion theory versus the Bouguer-Beer-Lambert law of conventional infrared spectroscopy literature- Limits of lower level of theory are explained in detail- Provides a thorough introduction to more sophisticated topics with a smooth transition from lower to higher-level theory

Longlisted for the 2025 PEN / EO Wilson Literary Science Writing Award Big Think's Best Science Book of 2024 A theoretical physicist takes readers on an awe-inspiring journey--found in "no other book" (Science)--to discover how the universe generates everything from nothing at all: "If you want to know what's really going on in the realms of relativity and particle physics, read this book" (Sean Carroll, author of The Biggest Ideas in the Universe). In Waves in an Impossible Sea, physicist Matt Strassler tells a startling tale of elementary particles, human experience, and empty space. He begins with a simple mystery of motion. When we drive at highway speeds with the windows down, the wind beats against our faces. Yet our planet hurtles through the cosmos at 150 miles per second, and we feel nothing of it. How can our voyage be so tranquil when, as Einstein discovered, matter warps space, and space deflects matter?   The answer, Strassler reveals, is that empty space is a sea, albeit a paradoxically strange one. Much like water and air, it ripples in various ways, and we ourselves, made from its ripples, can move through space as effortlessly as waves crossing an ocean. Deftly weaving together daily experience and fundamental physics--the musical universe, the enigmatic quantum, cosmic fields, and the Higgs boson--Strassler shows us how all things, familiar and unfamiliar, emerge from what seems like nothing at all.   Accessible and profound, Waves in an Impossible Sea is the ultimate guide to our place in the universe.

'The Wonder of Quantum Spin' discusses the key role quantum spin continues to play in many frontiers of physics that include the study of new exotic states of matter, quantum information and quantum computing. Spin tales also include the story of MRI - one of the most important applications of quantum science to humanity.

Applying machine learning and optimization technologies to water management problems The rapid development of machine learning brings new possibilities for hydroinformatics research and practice with its ability to handle big data sets, identify patterns and anomalies in data, and provide more accurate forecasts. Advanced Hydroinformatics: Machine Learning and Optimization for Water Resources presents both original research and practical examples that demonstrate how machine learning can advance data analytics, accuracy of modeling and forecasting, and knowledge discovery for better water management. Volume Highlights Include: Overview of the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques in hydroinformatics Advances in modeling hydrological systems Different data analysis methods and models for forecasting water resources New areas of knowledge discovery and optimization based on using machine learning techniques Case studies from North America, South America, the Caribbean, Europe, and Asia The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

An interdisciplinary review of recent advances in Alfvén wave research Alfvén waves are fundamental to the dynamics of space plasmas. Recent advances in our knowledge about Alfvén waves have come from several directions, including new space missions to unexplored heliospheric regions, sophisticated rocket campaigns in the auroral zone, enlarged magnetometer arrays and radar networks, and significant advances in computer modeling. Alfvén Waves Across Heliophysics: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities is an interdisciplinary collaboration from different space science communities to review recent and current Alfvén wave research. Volume highlights include: Alfvén waves in the solar atmosphere Alfvén waves at the giant planets Alfvén waves at Mars Alfvén waves in moon-magnetosphere systems Alfvén waves in geospace Alfvén waves in the laboratory Find out more about this book in this Q&A with the Editor. The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Featuring a wealth of high-quality photographs, this text describes clouds in a captivating and visual way. The science behind why clouds form and the meteorological context in which the clouds appear is presented in a detailed yet straightforward approach accessible to any reader.

The book discusses the basic of atmospheric dynamics where the curved surface of the earth and its rotation around its own axis plays very important roles. The emphasis is on basic physical concepts and the interpretation of equations and the different terms therein.Note: T&F does not sell or distribute the hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.

This book explores the potential of big data, artificial intelligence (AI), and data analytics to address climate change and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Furthermore, the book covers a wide range of related topics, including climate change data sources, big data analytics techniques, remote sensing, renewable energy, open data, public–private partnerships, ethical and legal issues, and case studies of successful applications. The book also discusses the challenges and opportunities presented by these technologies and provides insights into future research directions. In order to address climate change and achieve the SDGs, it is crucial to understand the complex interplay between climate and environmental factors. The use of big data, AI, and data analytics can play a vital role in this effort by providing the means to collect, process, and analyze vast amounts of environmental data. This book is an essential resource for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners interested in leveraging these technologies to tackle the pressing challenge of climate change and achieve the SDGs.

The first documentary history of wildfire management in the United States, Burn Scars probes the long efforts to suppress fire, beginning with the Spanish invasion of California in the eighteenth century and continuing through the US Forest Service’s relentless nationwide campaign in the twentieth century. The Forest Service argued that suppression was critical for good forest management, especially but not exclusively in the American West. In recent years, suppression has come under increasing scrutiny as a contributing factor to our current era of megafires. In Burn Scars, historian Char Miller assembles a collection of primary sources focused on debates over “light burning” (as prescribed or controlled burning was called). These historic documents show that not only was fire suppression controversial, but that it was also driven by explicitly racist and colonial beliefs. Yet the suppression paradigm contained within it the seeds of its destruction: Indigenous people continued to use fire as did non-Indigenous land managers. By the 1920s, scientific evidence was beginning to reveal that fire was essential for regenerating grasslands and forests; by the 1930s even the Forest Service was testing fire’s ecological benefits. Burn Scars focuses on the burning debates of the early twentieth century, but Miller also provides evidence of a powerful counternarrative emerging from southern non-Indigenous foresters who used fire to revive longleaf pine ecosystems. The volume begins and ends with contributions from Indigenous practitioners discussing the long history and resurgent practice of cultural burning as part of traditional stewardship.

This comprehensive account of California's numerous and perilous natural disasters explores how a unique combination of forces has affected Californians throughout the state's history and carries a sobering message about our short disaster memories.   California has more natural hazards per square mile than any other state, but this hasn't deterred people from moving here. Entire California towns and regions frequently contend with destruction caused by earthquakes, floods, landslides and debris flows, and sea-level rise and coastal erosion. As Gary Griggs demonstrates in California Catastrophes, few years go by without a disaster of some kind, and residents often rebuild in the same locations that were just destroyed.   Considering the current climate crisis and increasing environmental inequalities, the stakes are growing ever higher. This book dives into the history of the state's vulnerability to natural hazards, why and where these events occur, and how Californians can better prepare going forward. A mix of photographs and maps both historical and contemporary orients readers within the state's sprawling landscapes and provides glimpses of some of the geologic risks in each region. With the final chapter, Griggs issues a call to action and challenges readers to envision a safer, more equitable, and sustainable future.

Superstorms, hurricanes, typhoons, and spiraling freak weather: the fallout of global warming is a real-life natural thriller, as captured in Porter Fox's urgent and stunning story of chasing the world's most devastating storms. Here is the story of the largest storms on earth and how those storms are growing bigger and stronger. The tale of extreme weather doesn't begin with floods, fires, or even the air that carries this change to our lives. It begins with the ocean. Oceans create weather, climate, floods, droughts, and most of the geophysical fallout of global warming. Exactly how, award-winning writer Porter Fox contends, depends on invisible ocean currents, planetary cycles just now being defined, and processes in the deep ocean that may well have already saved us from the worst effects of the climate crisis. In an attempt to avert a coming age of superstorms, sea level rise, and catastrophic warming, scientists followed the lead of a college drop-out-turned-maverick sailor and storm-chaser; a Romanian refugee turned BBC radio host turned circumnavigating mapmaker; and an audacious new attempt to study storms above as well as deep below the ocean depths, using drones.   Throughout Category Five, Fox shadows these explorers, scientists, oceanographers, and weather forecasters in an attempt to understand, forestall, and possibly harness the awesome power of our oceans.

Climate change is a major challenge facing modern society. Chemistry of the Climate System provides a physicochemical understanding of atmospheric processes. The chemical substances and reactions found in the earth's atmosphere are presented along with their influence on the global climate system, evaluating the effects of changing air compositions and possibilities for interference with these processes through the use of chemistry.

A 2024 CHOICE OUTSTANDING ACADEMIC TITLE Exploring how climate change has configured the international arena since the 1950s, this book reveals the ways that climate change emerged and evolved as an international problem, and how states, scientists and non-governmental organizations have engaged in diplomatic efforts to address it. Developing amidst the Cold War, decolonization and a growing transnational environmental consciousness, it asks how this wider historical context has shaped international responses to the greatest threat to humankind to date. Thinking beyond the science of climate change to the way it is received and responded to, Ruth Morgan shows how climate science has been mobilised in the political sphere, paying particular attention to the North-South dynamics of climate diplomacy. The privileging of climate science and the mobilisation of climate scepticism are explored to consider how they have undermined efforts to remedy this planetary problem. Studying climate change and international history in tandem, this book explains the origins of the debates around this environmental emergency, the response of political leaders attempting to address the threat, and the barriers to creating an international regime to resolve the climate crisis.

A one-of-a-kind illustrated guide to clouds, cloud formations, and the artists who painted them The mystery of clouds has captivated scientists and artists alike. This unique book shows you how to use the meteorological techniques of nephology to identify these elusive and transmutable shapes. It curates, classifies, and measures every species--including those recently discovered--considering the height, size, texture, arrangement, modifications, and movement of their many shifting forms. Clouds blends a lively and engaging narrative by one of today's leading meteorologists with an essay on historic cloud art, and includes a wealth of breathtaking cloud studies by some of the greatest artists ever to look skyward. Presents a "taxonomic" approach to identification, applying the basic laws of geometry to quantify and measure clouds and cloud formations Showcases artists who painted clouds from a scientific viewpoint, such as John Constable, Frederic Edwin Church, J.M.W. Turner, and Caspar David Friedrich Tells the stories of the physicists and painters who have attempted to record the many different incarnations of clouds Explains the physics of clouds, from the basic constituents of Earth's atmosphere to cloud formation and dissipation, the colors and shades of clouds, the development of precipitation, and the timescale evolution of clouds Discusses the classification and naming of clouds Serves as a user-friendly reference guide to low, midlevel, and high cloud species Includes charts, infographics, and a glossary of terms

Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics of Climate Variability and Climate Change presents the patterns, mechanisms, and predictability of climate variability and anthropogenic climate change. Based on a graduate course the author has taught over 25 years, this book provides the physical foundation for those who are interested in fundamental questions such as: why climate varies from one year to another; how predictable climate is; and how climate will change in the face of increasing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This is the first comprehensive and systematic treatment of this subject that simultaneously draws on the latest research and is accessible for graduate students. The book takes a step-by-step systematic approach to coupled ocean-atmosphere interactions. This allows a wide range of comparative views: climate modes among and across different tropical ocean basins, ocean feedback on the atmosphere (in and out of the tropics), and spontaneous internal oscillation versus externally forced climate change. Such comparative views offer unprecedented insight into the dynamics of climate variability and predictability. This book can be used as supplementary reading for advanced undergraduate students, as coursework in climate dynamics, modeling, variability, and change, and as a reference book and research monograph for researchers in ocean, atmospheric, climate, and earth system sciences.

Since the publication of the first edition of this highly regarded textbook, the value of data assimilation has become widely recognized across the Earth sciences and beyond. Data assimilation methods are now being applied to many areas of prediction and forecasting, including extreme weather events, wildfires, infectious disease epidemics, and economic modeling. This second edition provides a broad introduction to applications across the Earth systems and coupled Earth-human systems, with an expanded range of topics covering the latest developments of variational, ensemble, and hybrid data assimilation methods. New toy models and intermediate-complexity atmospheric general circulation models provide hands-on engagement with key concepts in numerical weather prediction, data assimilation, and predictability. The inclusion of computational projects, exercises, lecture notes, teaching slides, and sample exams makes this textbook an indispensable and practical resource for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and practitioners who work in weather forecasting and climate prediction.

Antarctica hosts some of the harshest and most remote environments on Earth - and it is a region of vital importance for scientific research. The environment and position of Antarctica on the globe mean that research conducted there can offer unique insights on important Earth processes, including rising sea level, the carbon cycle, ecosystem structure. As the climate warms, data gathered from Antarctic research will be essential to understanding how Earth processes are changing and the potential social, economic, and health impacts on both U.S. and global populations. This report identifies the highest priorities for research in the Southern Ocean and nearshore and coastal Antarctica, as well as gaps in current capabilities to support this research. Global sea level rise, heat and carbon budgets, and changing ecosystems are the three highest-priority science drivers for research in the region. To address those drivers and maintain a robust U.S. research presence in this vitally important region, investments are needed in the U.S. Antarctic program and its research platforms, including the development of new technologies and the replacement of aging icebreaking research vessels. Additionally, the U.S. should strengthen relationships with other nations' Antarctic programs that can help support these essential science drivers.

Very Short Introductions: Brilliant, Sharp, InspiringIn this Very Short Introduction Bill McGuire takes a fresh look at our sometimes perilous planet, and evaluates the causes and consequences of what used to be thought of as 'natural' hazards through the prism of planetary heating and the continuing destabilising of our climate. Our world has always been a dangerous and deadly place, and storms, floods, earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanic blasts have taken an enormous toll on lives and livelihoods throughout recorded history and before. In the past, such events were regarded first as acts of God, or gods, and later as simply a consequence of hazardous natural phenomena that are a normal part of how our planet works. In recent decades, however, this picture has changed. Relentless global heating, arising from the 2.4 trillion tonnes of carbon dioxide pumped into the atmosphere as a result of human activities, has completely altered the 'natural' hazard landscape. There has long been a debate about whether - due to the influence of societal and economic factors - there is such a thing as a truly natural disaster. Now, the debate has moved on to whether or not the hazards that cause them can any longer be described as entirely natural. Our damaged climate has driven an explosion of extreme weather, which has become ever more apparent in recent years via the super-charging of storms, floods, heatwaves and wildfires. The fingerprints of global heating can be detected even in individual events that would have been extremely unlikely to have happened, or even been impossible, in its absence. Meanwhile earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanic eruptions continue to plague communities and take lives, while even here there are links with a changing climate that have the potential to magnify their occurrence and impacts. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

Geophysical Data Analysis and Inverse Theory with MATLAB or Python, Fifth Edition is a revised and expanded introduction to inverse theory and tomography as it is practiced by geophysicists. The book demonstrates the methods needed to analyze a broad spectrum of geophysical datasets, with special attention given to those methods that generate images of the earth. Data analysis can be a mathematically complex activity, but the treatment in this volume is carefully designed to emphasize those mathematical techniques that readers will find the most familiar and to systematically introduce less-familiar ones. A series of "crib sheets" offer step-by-step summaries of methods presented.Utilizing problems and case studies, along with MATLAB and Python computer code and summaries of methods, the book provides professional geophysicists, students, data scientists and engineers in geophysics with the tools necessary to understand and apply mathematical techniques and inverse theory.- Includes material on probability, including Bayesian influence, probability density function, and metropolis algorithm- Offers detailed discussions of the application of inverse theory to seismological, gravitational, and tectonic studies- Provides numerous examples, color figures, and end-of-chapter problems to help readers explore and further understand the presented ideas- Includes both MATLAB and Python examples and problem sets

An award-winning text introducing the latest operational hydrometeorological forecasting and warning techniques for flood, drought, reservoir, hydropower, irrigation, water supply and water pollution applications. Hydrometeorology: Forecasting and Applications is the latest edition of this award-winning book intended for practicing engineers and scientists. It also provides useful background for undergraduate and postgraduate courses in engineering, earth sciences, environmental sciences, geography, meteorology and hydrology. Operational examples include applications from the USA, UK, the Netherlands, Bangladesh and Nepal. Throughout, there is a focus on end-to-end warning systems, forecast uncertainty and risk-based and impact-based approaches. Hydrological forecasting topics include rainfall-runoff, flow routing, data assimilation, forecast verification and ensemble techniques. There are also updates to the text on weather radar, satellite precipitation estimates, hydrometry, low cost monitoring, numerical weather prediction, demand forecasting and dissemination of warnings, including the role of social media and citizen science. Applications include national and community based flood warning systems, flash flood guidance, famine and drought early warning systems, reservoir operations, and surface water, debris flow, ice jam, bathing water and harmful algal bloom alerts. Seasonal forecasting, land surface and global hydrological models are now discussed in more detail, including the opportunities from ‘Big Data’ and artificial intelligence, and a new chapter discusses approaches to predicting the hydrological impacts of climate change. The extensive sets of references have been revised and updated. “There are few books that have ever attempted to discuss all aspects of hydrometeorology in one volume. This one does so.” From a review of the 1st edition in the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Kevin Sene FRGS, FRMetS, CEng (MICE) is a scientist and writer with wide experience in flood risk management, water resources and hydrometeorology. His previous publications include books on flood warning, forecasting and emergency response and flash flood forecasting and warning (Springer, 2008, 2013).

Ideal and Real Atmospheric Boundary Layers is based on the notion that classical books of Boundary Layer Meteorology largely focus on ideal surface conditions, while the actual real circumstances often address situations that are more complex, like over heterogeneous land and in urban and mountain areas.Ideal and Real Atmospheric Boundary Layers starts by covering the basic physical principles used in atmospheric boundary layer meteorology, including atmospheric turbulence, observing and modeling atmospheric boundary layers, and neutral, convective, and stable boundary layers over different types of land surfaces. The second part of the book describes the applications and extension of these principles for real-world circumstances. The book will be of interest to researchers and students in atmospheric science, climate science, and meteorology.- Covers state of current research into ideal and real boundary layers- Includes methods and applications of the principles covered in the book- Features highly visual content, including infographics to further exemplify principles and applications covered in the text

One of Scientific American and The Times (London)'s Best Books of 2024 From one of the world's leading climate scientists, a heart- and mind-changing book that offers a hopeful and attainable vision for restoring the atmosphere and ending the climate crisis. Climate change is here. From the millions displaced by the floods in Pakistan to Californian and Canadian towns incinerated by wildfires, we are experiencing the anguish that climate change causes. Fossil fuels are making the planet unlivable, and they are deadly. We know that we must cut emissions if we are going to limit the catastrophes, but is that enough? In Into the Clear Blue Sky, climate scientist and chair of the Global Carbon Project Rob Jackson explains that we need to redefine our goals. As he argues here, we shouldn't only be trying to stabilize the Earth's temperature at some arbitrary value. Instead, we can restore the atmosphere itself in a lifetime--and this should be our moral duty. Restoring the atmosphere means reducing the amount of greenhouse gases in the air to pre-industrial levels--starting with super-potent methane--to heal the harm we have done. Emissions must be cut, first and foremost. But to safeguard a livable planet for future generations, we must repair the damage we have caused. Jackson introduces us to the brilliant leaders and innovators behind some of the boldest and game-changing climate solutions under development. When it comes to greenhouse gas mitigation, our choices matter, because it is easier to stop emissions from happening than to remove greenhouse gases from the air later. But while mitigation is crucial, no number of solar panels, electric cars, and veggie burgers alone will be enough to halt climate change. Decades of inaction have convinced Jackson that we need to remove greenhouse gases from the air using everything from nature to cutting-edge technologies. Into the Clear Blue Sky is a heart- and mind-changing book. Guided by one of the leading scientists in this fight and a deeply gifted storyteller, we learn why we should all feel hopeful. One way or another, we will restore the planet together. The question is how, and how long will it take?

This book presents a deep and encompassing survey of severe weather in all its forms. An Introduction to Severe Storms and Hazardous Weather is an exciting new textbook that allows students to learn the principles of atmospheric science through the drama, exhilaration, and even tragedy of severe weather. Balancing breadth and depth, Jeffrey B. Halverson adeptly combines a short, accessible introduction to the basic principles of meteorology with detailed coverage on large- and small-scale weather hazards. He draws on specific up-to-date case studies from North America to illustrate the cause of meteorological events including hurricanes, heavy snow and ice, floods, and tornadoes. Unlike existing books on the market, Halverson delves deep into the societal impacts of these events, drawing on examples from agriculture, utility infrastructure, and commercial aviation. Each chapter also features high-quality, customized color artwork by Thomas D. Rabenhorst that helps to enhance and embed learning. Thorough in its scope, and written with an impeccable focus on the science, this book will be an essential resource for introductory undergraduate courses in severe weather, natural hazards, and extreme meteorology. It is also an excellent supplemental textbook for courses on meteorology and atmospheric science.

The study of the movement of the atmosphere and the oceans is intriguing, challenging and important, particularly in the context of current concerns about the climate. The familiar and tested approach to these problems is based on the construction of model equations, tailored to address specific flow scenarios. In this text, we present a single, over-arching approach which uses the thin-shell approximation - and nothing more - applied to the general equations of fluid dynamics. This allows a range of classical problems, and some new applications, to be accessed from a single formulation which retains all the relevant physical attributes, as well as the essential characteristics of the spherical geometry. The approximations and assumptions are clear and higher-order terms are readily accessible. The main aim is to present the material in a mathematically consistent and robust fashion - in the applied sense - emphasising the systematic, asymptotic methods usually employed in mathematical fluid dynamics. This is not a textbook that introduces the physical principles underpinning the study of the oceans and the atmosphere. Rather, it is intended to enhance the more usual modelling approach to these studies and, more significantly, to introduce those with mathematical interests, but no expertise in these particular applications, to these types of problems. The text is suitable for researchers, and students, in the oceanic and atmospheric sciences, and for mathematicians - again researchers and students - with an interest in the application of fluid dynamics to more complicated flow scenarios.

A groundbreaking investigation into the propaganda justifying the fossil-fuel economy, 'The Language of Climate Politics' offers readers powerful new ways to talk about the climate crisis that will help create transformative change.

Measuring Climate Change to Inform Energy Transitions A useful assessment tool to inform energy transition decisions in view of climate change Climate change is without question the greatest global challenge of the twenty-first century. Among its many aspects is the need for energy transitions worldwide, as sustainable energy infrastructure must be rapidly created if the world is to forestall climate catastrophe. Methods for measuring CO2 concentration and other factors producing climate change will be critical to managing this transition and assessing its early impacts. Measuring Climate Change to Inform Energy Transitions proposes a method for measuring sinusoidal gradients of increasing temperatures and CO2 concentration in order to determine the ongoing impact of global warming and make recommendations. This method will be critical in informing key decisions as the energy transition proceeds. It is a must-read for academic, professional, and policy stakeholders looking to meet these challenges head-on. Readers will also find: Concrete models and mechanisms for effecting energy transition Detailed discussion of topics including vegetative sinks for carbon capture, power reforms from coal, carbon footprint of internal combustion engines, skills required for green jobs and many more Examples and case studies to supplement quantitative analyses This book is ideal for professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, and researchers in the energy, environmental, government, and engineering fields.

Multivariate Frequency Analysis of Hydro-Meteorological Variables: A Copula-Based Approach provides comprehensive and detailed descriptions of the approaches and techniques used in multivariate frequency analysis (including, but not limited to copula functions), with illustrative examples and real-life case studies provided. The book presents all background material and new developments in one place, presenting the material in a homogeneous and pedagogical way in order to allow students, engineers and researchers to access and efficiently use all information surrounding this topic.This reference can be used as a guide to apply the available and recent approaches to evaluate hydro-meteorological risks, to design hydraulic structures, in teaching (faculty members), and as a literature review to go to the next steps in research projects (graduate students and postdocs).- Presents methods for analysis of hydro-meteorological risks followed by illustrative examples based on real life data sets- Provides definitions throughout on all new topics and key terms- Includes case studies and real-life examples covering a variety of situations and showing how this work can be applied in the reader's own work

A New York Times Book Review Editors' Choice A Finalist for the Helen Bernstein Book Award "On the Move explains how we got here and where we're headed. It's crucial guide to the world we are creating." --Elizabeth Kolbert, author of Under a White Sky and The Sixth Extinction A vivid, journalistic account of how climate change will make American life as we know it unfeasible. Humanity is on the precipice of a great climate migration, and Americans will not be spared. Tens of millions of people are likely to be driven from the places they call home. Poorer communities will be left behind, while growth will surge in the cities and regions most attractive to climate refugees. America will be changed utterly. Abrahm Lustgarten's On the Move is the definitive account of what this massive population shift might look like. As he shows, the United States will be rendered unrecognizable by four unstoppable forces: wildfires in the West; frequent flooding in coastal regions; extreme heat and humidity in the South; and droughts that will make farming all but impossible across much of the nation. Reporting from the front lines of climate migration, Lustgarten explains how a pattern of shortsighted policies encouraged millions to settle in vulnerable parts of the country, and introduces us to homeowners in California, insurance customers in Florida, and ranchers in Colorado who are being forced to make the agonizing choice of when, not whether, to leave. Employing the most current climate data and predictive models, he shows how America's population will be squeezed northward into a shrinking triangle of land stretching from Tennessee to Maine to the Great Lakes. The places many of us now call home are at risk, and On the Move reveals how we'll deal with the consequences.

Japan is a place where powerful earthquakes have occurred more frequently and have caused more harm in the modern era than they have in all but a handful of other locations on the planet. In the twentieth century alone, earthquake disasters in Japan took almost as many lives as they had in all of the country’s recorded history up to that point. Predicting Disasters is the first English-language book to explore how scientists convinced policy makers and the public in postwar Japan that catastrophic earthquakes were coming, and the first to show why earthquake prediction has played such a central role in Japan’s efforts to prepare for a dangerous future ever since.Kerry Smith shows how, in the twentieth century, scientists struggled to make large-scale earthquake disasters legible to the public and to policy makers as significant threats to Japan’s future and as phenomena that could be anticipated and prepared for. Smith also explains why understanding those struggles matters. Disasters, Smith contends, belong alongside more familiar topics of analysis in modern Japanese history—such as economic growth and its impacts, political crises and popular protest, and even the legacies of the war—for the work they do in helping us better understand how the past has influenced beliefs about Japan’s possible futures, and how beliefs about the future shape the present.Predicting Disasters makes relevant elements of Japan’s past more accessible to readers interested in the histories of disaster and scientific communities, as well as to those who want to gain a better understanding of the risk and uncertainty surrounding natural phenomena.

This book argues that today's climate change science undersells what we know with huge confidence and oversells what we know with little confidence, thereby misleading both the public and policy makers during important international debates and negotiations. Crucial reading for environmentalists and oil tycoons alike.

"The Presidents and the Planet: Climate Change Science and Politics from Eisenhower to Bush tells the story of the world's greatest environmental challenge through the eyes of the early climate change pioneers. The four-decade narrative begins in the 1950s, when American scientists first began to warn about the risks of pollution that might change the natural climate in dramatic ways, the national media began to cover the story, and congressional committees received early testimony on the topic. It ends in the early 1990s, by which time global efforts to confront the challenge were advancing while political controversy had begun to undermine U.S. leadership, which had been prominent on previous threats to the environment. The Presidents and the Planet also tells the stories of the major players in the history of climate change science. The genial, big-picture oceanographer Roger Revelle exerted influence on eight White Houses during his lifetime and even one after his death (when his former student Al Gore Jr. served as vice president). The soft-spoken and cerebral William Nordhaus had already written seminal works on climate change when President Jimmy Carter appointed him to the Council of Economic Advisors. Four decades later, the Yale professor won the Nobel Prize in economics for his lifetime of work on the subject. These and other academics had more impact than generally recognized on how the upper echelons of government viewed climate change. Some political pioneers on the climate issue, such as Gore, are well known, though there is more to tell. But who remembers John Chaffee? During the Reagan years, this Republican from Rhode Island was the first committee chair in the Senate to offer concrete solutions to the risks of climate change. The drama reached a full pitch in the George H.W. Bush years when an administration filled with strong advocates for climate action and staunch foes of government regulation wrestled over the direction of U.S. energy and environmental policy. To better understand the often-surprising twists and turns of the climate debate in America, author Jay Hakes explored the archives and writings of influential scientists and the pivotal reports of the National Academy of Sciences. He also traveled to presidential libraries to discover how commanders-in-chief and their science, economic, and political advisors addressed the issue. With the advantage of hindsight, congressional hearings dating back to the 1950s took on new relevance. The Presidents and the Planet offers fresh new information that will move the goalposts for when we first "knew" about climate change"-- Provided by publisher.

The book provides information on the observational aspects of the severe storms through satellite, radar, aircraft, and ground based network of stations and these issues are discussed in the first part of the book consisting of 8 chapters. The numerical modelling and data assimilation techniques are discussed in the second part of the book aimed at development of Early Warning Systems (12 chapters) and finally the outlook of the severe storms in a changing climate scenario, their socio-economic impacts and policies for disaster mitigation are discussed in the third part of the book consisting of 6 chapters. This book is of great interest to atmospheric scientists and other researchers, practitioners, policy and decision makers, international institutions, governmental and non-governmental organizations, educators, as well as students.

Contributions by Emma Frances Bloomfield, Sheila Bock, Kristen Bradley, Hannah Chapple, James Deutsch, Máirt Hanley, Christine Hoffmann, Kate Parker Horigan, Shelley Ingram, John Laudun, Jordan Lovejoy, Lena Marander-Eklund, Jennifer Morrison, Willow G. Mullins, Anne Pryor, Todd Richardson, and Claire Schmidt The weather governs our lives. It fills gaps in conversations, determines our dress, and influences our architecture. No matter how much our lives may have moved indoors, no matter how much we may rely on technology, we still monitor the weather. Wait Five Minutes: Weatherlore in the Twenty-First Century draws from folkloric, literary, and scientific theory to offer up new ways of thinking about this most ancient of phenomena. Weatherlore is a concept that describes the folk beliefs and traditions about the weather that are passed down casually among groups of people. Weatherlore can be predictive, such as the belief that more black than brown fuzz on a woolly bear caterpillar signals a harsh winter. It can be the familiar commentary that eases daily social interactions, such as asking, "Is it hot (or cold) enough for you?" Other times, it is simply ubiquitous: "If you don't like the weather, wait five minutes and it will change." From detailing personal experiences at picnics and suburban lawns to critically analyzing storm stories, novels, and flood legends, contributors offer engaging multidisciplinary perspectives on weatherlore. As we move further into the twenty-first century, an increasing awareness of climate change and its impacts on daily life calls for a folkloristic reckoning with the weather and a rising need to examine vernacular understandings of weather and climate. Weatherlore helps us understand and shape global political conversations about climate change and biopolitics at the same time that it influences individual, group, and regional lives and identities. We use weather, and thus its folklore, to make meaning of ourselves, our groups, and, quite literally, our world.

This handbook provides a comprehensive, practical, and independent guide to all aspects of making weather observations. The second edition has been fully updated throughout with new material, new instruments and technologies, and the latest reference and research materials. Traditional and modern weather instruments are covered, including how best to choose and to site a weather station, how to get the best out of your equipment, how to store and analyse your records and how to share your observations. The book's emphasis is on modern electronic instruments and automatic weather stations. It provides advice on replacing 'traditional' mercury-based thermometers and barometers with modern digital sensors, following implementation of the UN Minamata Convention outlawing mercury in the environment. The Weather Observer's Handbook will again prove to be an invaluable resource for both amateur observers choosing their first weather instruments and professional observers looking for a comprehensive and up-to-date guide.

In 2018, lumps of frozen soil, collected from the bottom of the world's first deep ice core and lost for decades, reappeared in Denmark. When geologist Paul Bierman and his team first melted a piece of this unique material, they were shocked to find perfectly preserved leaves, twigs, and moss. That observation led them to a startling discovery: Greenland's ice sheet had melted naturally before, about 400,000 years ago. The remote island's ice was far more fragile than scientists had realized-unstable even without human interference. In When the Ice Is Gone, Bierman traces the story of this extraordinary finding, revealing how it radically changes our understanding of the Earth and its climate. A longtime researcher in Greenland, he begins with a brief history of the island, both human and geological, explaining how over the last century scientists have learned to read the historical record in ice, deciphering when volcanoes exploded and humans started driving cars fueled by leaded gasoline. For the origins of ice coring, Bierman brings us to Camp Century, a U.S. military base built inside Greenland's ice sheet, where engineers first drilled through mile-thick ice and into the frozen soil beneath. Decades later, a few feet of that long-frozen earth would reveal its secrets-ancient warmth and melted ice. Changes in Greenland reverberate around the world, with ice melting high in the arctic affecting people everywhere. Bierman explores how losing Greenland's ice will catalyze devastating events if we don't change course and address climate change now.

This expanded new edition of Wind Turbines introduces key topics in offshore wind, alongside carefully revised and updated coverage of core topics in wind turbine technology. It features two new chapters on offshore wind, covering offshore resources, metocean data, wind turbine technologies, environmental impact, and loading and dynamics for fixed-bottom and floating platforms. Real-world case studies are introduced from Europe and the USA, and a new chapter examines wind power in the context of broader decarbonisation, practical energy storage, and other renewable energy sources. Updated coverage of turbine energy yield calculations, blade-element momentum theory, and current economic trends is presented, and over 100 varied end-of-chapter problems are included, with solutions available for instructors. Combining key topics in aerodynamics, electrical and control theory, structures, planning, economics, and policy, the clear language of this multidisciplinary textbook makes it ideal for undergraduate and graduate students, and professional engineers, in the renewable energy sector.

From the bestselling author of Quantum Computing for Everyone, a concise, accessible, and elegant approach to mathematics that not only illustrates concepts but also conveys the surprising nature of the digital information age. Most of us know something about the grand theories of physics that transformed our views of the universe at the start of the twentieth century: quantum mechanics and general relativity. But we are much less familiar with the brilliant theories that make up the backbone of the digital revolution. In Beautiful Math, Chris Bernhardt explores the mathematics at the very heart of the information age. He asks questions such as: What is information? What advantages does digital information have over analog? How do we convert analog signals into digital ones? What is an algorithm? What is a universal computer? And how can a machine learn? The four major themes of Beautiful Math are information, communication, computation, and learning. Bernhardt typically starts with a simple mathematical model of an important concept, then reveals a deep underlying structure connecting concepts from what, at first, appear to be unrelated areas. His goal is to present the concepts using the least amount of mathematics, but nothing is oversimplified. Along the way, Bernhardt also discusses alphabets, the telegraph, and the analog revolution; information theory; redundancy and compression; errors and noise; encryption; how analog information is converted into digital information; algorithms; and, finally, neural networks. Historical anecdotes are included to give a sense of the technology at that time, its impact, and the problems that needed to be solved. Taking its readers by the hand, regardless of their math background, Beautiful Math is a fascinating journey through the mathematical ideas that undergird our everyday digital interactions.

This book aims to be a comprehensive treatise on the interactions between Coding Theory and Commutative Algebra. With the help of a multitude of examples, it expands and systematizes the known and versatile commutative algebraic framework used, since the early 90's, to study linear codes. The book provides the necessary background for the reader to advance with similar research on coding theory topics from commutative algebraic perspectives.

Completion problems for operator matrices are concerned with the question of whether a partially specified operator matrix can be completed to form an operator of a desired type. The research devoted to this topic provides an excellent means to investigate the structure of operators. This book provides an overview of completion problems dealing with completions to different types of operators and can be considered as a natural extension of classical results concerned with matrix completions.The book assumes some basic familiarity with functional analysis and operator theory. It will be useful for graduate students and researchers interested in operator theory and the problem of matrix completions.

This book provides a self-contained account of continuous-parameter time series, starting with second-order models. Integration with respect to orthogonal increment processes, spectral theory and linear prediction are treated in detail. Lévy-driven models are incorporated, extending coverage to allow for infinite variance, a variety of marginal distributions and sample paths having jumps. The necessary theory of Lévy processes and integration of deterministic functions with respect to these processes is developed at length. Special emphasis is given to the analysis of continuous-time ARMA processes.

A guide to everything you need to understand to navigate a world increasingly governed by data. Data has become a defining issue of current times. Our everyday lives are shaped by the data that is produced about us (and by us) through digital technologies. In this book, Critical Data Literacies, Luci Pangrazio and Neil Selwyn introduce readers to the central concepts, ideas, and arguments required to make sense of life in the data age. The authors challenge the idea that datafication is an inevitable and inescapable condition. Drawing on emerging areas of scholarship such as data justice, data feminism, and other critical data studies approaches, they explore how individuals and communities can empower themselves to engage with data critically and creatively. Over the course of eight wide-ranging chapters, the book introduces readers to the main components of critical data literacies--from the fundamentals of identifying and understanding data to the complexities of engaging with more combative data tactics. Critical Data Literacies explores how the tradition of critical literacies can offer a powerful foundation to address the big concerns of the data age, such as issues of data justice and privacy, algorithmic bias, dataveillance, and disinformation. Bringing together cutting-edge thinking and discussion from across education, sociology, psychology, and media and communication studies, Critical Data Literacies develops a powerful argument for collectively rethinking the role that data plays in our everyday lives and re-establishing agency, free will, and the democratic public sphere.

Data Analytics in Football provides students, researchers, and coaches with a firm grounding in the principles of modern performance analysis. It offers an insight into the use of positional data, exploring how they can be collected, modeled, analyzed, and interpreted. Introducing cutting-edge methods, the book challenges long-held assumptions and encourages a new way of thinking about football analysis. The book seeks to define the role of positional data in football match analysis by exploring topics such as the following: What is positional data analysis, and how did it emerge from conventional match analysis? How can positional data be collected, and which technologies can be used? What key performance indicators based on positional data should be used? How can traditional match analysis be complemented by using positional data and advanced KPIs? How can these new methods evolve in the future? Based on data collected from active leagues and fully revised for the new second edition, the text now also examines data collection in relation to other sports, how a data-driven approach in decision-making is achieved by professional teams, the potential of the new methods of data collection, and how they could evolve in the future. Accessibly written, packed full of examples from elite football, and supplemented with expert interviews, Data Analytics in Football is a thought-provoking, rigorously evidence-based guide to the use of data analytics in football performance analysis. As such, it is a vital resource for any student, researcher, or coach interested in performance analysis and skill acquisition, or anyone interested in football more generally.

DEMYSTIFYING DEEP LEARNING Discover how to train Deep Learning models by learning how to build real Deep Learning software libraries and verification software! The study of Deep Learning and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is a significant subfield of artificial intelligence (AI) that can be found within numerous fields: medicine, law, financial services, and science, for example. Just as the robot revolution threatened blue-collar jobs in the 1970s, so now the AI revolution promises a new era of productivity for white collar jobs. Important tasks have begun being taken over by ANNs, from disease detection and prevention, to reading and supporting legal contracts, to understanding experimental data, model protein folding, and hurricane modeling. AI is everywhere--on the news, in think tanks, and occupies government policy makers all over the world --and ANNs often provide the backbone for AI. Relying on an informal and succinct approach, Demystifying Deep Learning is a useful tool to learn the necessary steps to implement ANN algorithms by using both a software library applying neural network training and verification software. The volume offers explanations of how real ANNs work, and includes 6 practical examples that demonstrate in real code how to build ANNs and the datasets they need in their implementation, available in open-source to ensure practical usage. This approachable book follows ANN techniques that are used every day as they adapt to natural language processing, image recognition, problem solving, and generative applications. This volume is an important introduction to the field, equipping the reader for more advanced study. Demystifying Deep Learning readers will also find: A volume that emphasizes the importance of classification Discussion of why ANN libraries, such as Tensor Flow and Pytorch, are written in C++ rather than Python Each chapter concludes with a "Projects" page to promote students experimenting with real code A supporting library of software to accompany the book at https://github.com/nom-de-guerre/RANT An approachable explanation of how generative AI, such as generative adversarial networks (GAN), really work. An accessible motivation and elucidation of how transformers, the basis of large language models (LLM) such as ChatGPT, work. Demystifying Deep Learning is ideal for engineers and professionals that need to learn and understand ANNs in their work. It is also a helpful text for advanced undergraduates to get a solid grounding on the topic.

In Do Numbers Exist? Peter van Inwagen and William Lane Craig take opposite sides on whether there are abstract objects, such as numbers and properties. Craig argues that there are no abstract objects, whereas Van Inwagen argues that there are. Their exchange explores various arguments about the existence and nature of abstract objects. They focus especially on whether our ordinary and scientific thought and talk commit us to abstract objects, surveying the options available to us and the objections each faces. The debate covers central problems and methods in metaphysics, and also delves into theological questions raised by abstract objects. Key Features: Showcases the presentation and defense of two points of view on the existence of abstract objects, from two of the world's leading philosophers Presents definitions in an easily accessible form Provides frequent summaries of previously covered material Includes a glossary of all specialized vocabulary

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A revelatory story of the woman who made foundational contributions to science and mathematics and persevered in the face of discrimination. Emmy Noether's mathematical genius enabled Einstein to bring his General Theory of Relativity-the basis of our current theory of gravity-to fruition. On a larger scale, what came to be known as "Noether's Theorem"--called by a Nobel laureate "the single most profound result in all of physics"--supplied the basis for the most accurate theory in the history of physics, the Standard Model, which forms our modern theory of matter.   Noether's life story is equally important and revelatory in understanding the pernicious nature of sexual prejudice in the sciences, revealing the shocking discrimination against one of the true intellectual giants of the twentieth century, a woman effectively excluded from the opportunities given to her male counterparts. Noether's personality and optimistic spirit, as Lee Phillips reveals, enabled her unique genius to persevere and arrive at insights that still astonish those who encounter them a century later.   

This Element introduces the replicator dynamics for symmetric and asymmetric games where the strategy sets are metric spaces. Under this hypothesis the replicator dynamics evolves in a Banach space of finite signed measures. The authors provide a general framework to study the stability of the replicator dynamics for evolutionary games in this Banach space. This allows them to establish a relation between Nash equilibria and the stability of the replicator for normal a form games applicable to oligopoly models, theory of international trade, public good models, the tragedy of commons, and War of attrition game among others. They also provide conditions to approximate the replicator dynamics on a space of measures by means of a finite-dimensional dynamical system and a sequence of measure-valued Markov processes.

This book provides a thorough understanding of the fundamental concepts of financial mathematics essential for the evaluation of any financial product and instrument. Mastering concepts of present and future values of streams of cash flows under different interest rate environments is core for actuaries and financial economists. This book covers the body of knowledge required by the Society of Actuaries (SOA) for its Financial Mathematics (FM) Exam. The third edition includes major changes such as an addition of an "R Laboratory" section in each chapter, except for Chapter 9. These sections provide R codes to do various computations, which will facilitate students to apply conceptual knowledge. Additionally, key definitions have been revised and the theme structure has been altered. Students studying undergraduate courses on financial mathematics for actuaries will find this book useful. This book offers numerous examples and exercises, some of which are adapted from previous SOA FM Exams. It is also useful for students preparing for the actuarial professional exams through self-study.

This innovative text helps demystify numerical modelling for early-stage physics and engineering students. It takes a hands-on, project-based approach, with each chapter focusing on an intriguing physics problem taken from classical mechanics, electrodynamics, thermodynamics, astrophysics, and quantum mechanics. To solve these problems, students must apply different numerical methods for themselves, building up their knowledge and practical skills organically. Each project includes a discussion of the fundamentals, the mathematical formulation of the problem, an introduction to the numerical methods and algorithms, and exercises, with solutions available to instructors. The methods presented focus primarily on differential equations, both ordinary and partial, as well as basic mathematical operations. Developed over many years of teaching a computational modelling course, this stand-alone book equips students with an essential numerical modelling toolkit for today's data-driven landscape, and gives them new ways to explore science and engineering.

'Functional Analysis Revisited' is not a first course in functional analysis - although it covers the basic notions of functional analysis, it assumes the reader is somewhat acquainted with them. It is by no means a second course either: there are too many deep subjects that are not within scope here. Instead, having the basics under his belt, the author takes the time to carefully think through their fundamental consequences. In particular, the focus is on the notion of completeness and its implications, yet without venturing too far from areas where the description 'elementary' is still valid. The author also looks at some applications, perhaps just outside the core of functional analysis, that are not completely trivial. The aim is to show how functional analysis influences and is influenced by other branches of contemporary mathematics. This is what we mean by 'Functional Analysis Revisited.'

The study of the movement of the atmosphere and the oceans is intriguing, challenging and important, particularly in the context of current concerns about the climate. The familiar and tested approach to these problems is based on the construction of model equations, tailored to address specific flow scenarios. In this text, we present a single, over-arching approach which uses the thin-shell approximation - and nothing more - applied to the general equations of fluid dynamics. This allows a range of classical problems, and some new applications, to be accessed from a single formulation which retains all the relevant physical attributes, as well as the essential characteristics of the spherical geometry. The approximations and assumptions are clear and higher-order terms are readily accessible. The main aim is to present the material in a mathematically consistent and robust fashion - in the applied sense - emphasising the systematic, asymptotic methods usually employed in mathematical fluid dynamics. This is not a textbook that introduces the physical principles underpinning the study of the oceans and the atmosphere. Rather, it is intended to enhance the more usual modelling approach to these studies and, more significantly, to introduce those with mathematical interests, but no expertise in these particular applications, to these types of problems. The text is suitable for researchers, and students, in the oceanic and atmospheric sciences, and for mathematicians - again researchers and students - with an interest in the application of fluid dynamics to more complicated flow scenarios.

Symmetry is one of the most important concepts in mathematics and physics. Emerging from the 2021 LMS-Bath Summer School, this book provides Ph.D. students and young researchers with some of the essential tools for the advanced study of symmetry. Illustrated with numerous examples, it explores some of the most exciting interactions between Dirac operators, K-theory and representation theory of real reductive groups. The final chapter provides a self-contained account of the representation theory of p-adic groups, from the very basics to an advanced perspective, with many arithmetic aspects.

Maximise student engagement and understanding of matrix methods in data-driven applications with this modern teaching package. Students are introduced to matrices in two preliminary chapters, before progressing to advanced topics such as the nuclear norm, proximal operators and convex optimization. Highlighted applications include low-rank approximation, matrix completion, subspace learning, logistic regression for binary classification, robust PCA, dimensionality reduction and Procrustes problems. Extensively classroom-tested, the book includes over 200 multiple-choice questions suitable for in-class interactive learning or quizzes, as well as homework exercises (with solutions available for instructors). It encourages active learning with engaging 'explore' questions, with answers at the back of each chapter, and Julia code examples to demonstrate how the mathematics is actually used in practice. A suite of computational notebooks offers a hands-on learning experience for students. This is a perfect textbook for upper-level undergraduates and first-year graduate students who have taken a prior course in linear algebra basics.

This text serves as an exploration of the beautiful topic of mathematical biology through the lens of discrete and differential equations. Intended for students who have completed differential and integral calculus, Mathematical Biology: Discrete and Differential Equations allows students to explore topics such as bifurcation diagrams, nullclines, discrete dynamics, and SIR models for disease spread, which are often reserved for more advanced undergraduate or graduate courses. These exciting topics are sprinkled throughout the book alongside the more typical first- and second-order linear differential equations and systems of linear differential equations. This class-tested text is written in a conversational, welcoming voice, which should help invite students along as they discover the magic of mathematical biology and both discrete and differential equations. A focus is placed on examples with solutions written out step by step, including computational steps, with the goal of being as easy as possible for students to independently follow along. Rich in applications, this book can be used for a semester-long course in either differential equations or mathematical biology. Alternatively, it can serve as a companion text for a two-semester sequence beginning with discrete-time systems, extending through a wide array of topics in differential equations, and culminating in systems, SIR models, and other applications.

"A trade book on the mathematics of radio"-- Provided by publisher.
"How a modern radio works, told through mathematics, history, and selected puzzlesThe modern radio is a wonder, and behind that magic is mathematics. In The Mathematical Radio, Paul Nahin explains how radios work, deploying mathematics and historical discussion, accompanied by a steady stream of intriguing puzzles for math buffs to ponder. Beginning with oscillators and circuits, moving on to AM, FM, and single-sideband radio. Nahin focuses on the elegant mathematics underlying radio technology rather than the engineering. He explores and explains more than a century of key developments, placing them in historical and technological context.Nahin, a prolific author of books on math for the general reader, describes in fascinating detail the mathematical underpinnings of a technology we use daily. He explains and solves, for example, Maxwell's equations for the electromagnetic field. Readers need only a familarity with advanced high school-level math to follow Nahin's mathematical discussions. Writing with the nonengineer in mind, Nahin examines topics including impulses in time and frequency, spectrum shifting at the transmitter, the superheterodyne, the physics of single sideband radio, and FM sidebands. Chapters end with "challenge problems" and an appendix offers solutions, partial answers, and hints. Readers will come away with a new appreciation for the beauty of even the most useful mathematics"-- Provided by publisher.

This Element looks at the contemporary debate on the nature of mathematical rigour and informal proofs as found in mathematical practice. The central argument is for rigour pluralism: that multiple different models of informal proof are good at accounting for different features and functions of the concept of rigour. To illustrate this pluralism, the Element surveys some of the main options in the literature: the 'standard view' that rigour is just formal, logical rigour; the models of proofs as arguments and dialogues; the recipe model of proofs as guiding actions and activities; and the idea of mathematical rigour as an intellectual virtue. The strengths and weaknesses of each are assessed, thereby providing an accessible and empirically-informed introduction to the key issues and ideas found in the current discussion.

In a recent paper of Benson and Symonds, a new invariant was introduced for modular representations of a finite group. An interpretation was given as a spectral radius with respect to a Banach algebra completion of the representation ring. Our purpose here is to take these notions further, and investigate the structure of the resulting Banach algebras. Some of the material in that paper is repeated here in greater generality, and for clarity of exposition. We give an axiomatic definition is then a commutative Banach algebra, and the techniques of Geldand from the 1940s are applied in order to study the space of algebra homomorphisms to C. One surprising consequence of this investigation is that the Jacobson radical and the nil radical of a (complexified) representation ring always coincide. These notes are intended for representation theorists. So background material on commutative Banach algebras is given in detail, whereas representation theoretic background is more condensed.

Polynomials are useful mathematical tools. They are simply defined and can be calculated quickly on computer systems. They can be differentiated and integrated easily and can be pieced together to form spline curves. After Weierstrass approximation Theorem, polynomial sequences have acquired considerable importance not only in the various branches of Mathematics, but also in Physics, Chemistry and Engineering disciplines. There is a wide literature on specific polynomial sequences. But there is no literature that attempts a systematic exposition of the main basic methods for the study of a generic polynomial sequence and, at the same time, gives an overview of the main polynomial classes and related applications, at least in numerical analysis. In this book, through an elementary matrix calculus-based approach, an attempt is made to fill this gap by exposing dated and very recent results, both theoretical and applied.

Probability and Statistics for Data Science: Math + R + Data covers "math stat"--distributions, expected value, estimation etc.--but takes the phrase "Data Science" in the title quite seriously: * Real datasets are used extensively. * All data analysis is supported by R coding. * Includes many Data Science applications, such as PCA, mixture distributions, random graph models, Hidden Markov models, linear and logistic regression, and neural networks. * Leads the student to think critically about the "how" and "why" of statistics, and to "see the big picture." * Not "theorem/proof"-oriented, but concepts and models are stated in a mathematically precise manner. Prerequisites are calculus, some matrix algebra, and some experience in programming. Norman Matloff is a professor of computer science at the University of California, Davis, and was formerly a statistics professor there. He is on the editorial boards of the Journal of Statistical Software and The R Journal. His book Statistical Regression and Classification: From Linear Models to Machine Learning was the recipient of the Ziegel Award for the best book reviewed in Technometrics in 2017. He is a recipient of his university's Distinguished Teaching Award.

The third edition of this highly regarded text provides a rigorous, yet entertaining, introduction to probability theory and the analytic ideas and tools on which the modern theory relies. The main changes are the inclusion of the Gaussian isoperimetric inequality plus many improvements and clarifications throughout the text. With more than 750 exercises, it is ideal for first-year graduate students with a good grasp of undergraduate probability theory and analysis. Starting with results about independent random variables, the author introduces weak convergence of measures and its application to the central limit theorem, and infinitely divisible laws and their associated stochastic processes. Conditional expectation and martingales follow before the context shifts to infinite dimensions, where Gaussian measures and weak convergence of measures are studied. The remainder is devoted to the mutually beneficial connection between probability theory and partial differential equations, culminating in an explanation of the relationship of Brownian motion to classical potential theory.

In mathematics, it simply is not true that 'you can't prove a negative'. Many revolutionary impossibility theorems reveal profound properties of logic, computation, fairness and the universe, and form the mathematical background of new technologies and Nobel prizes. But to fully appreciate these theorems and their impact on mathematics and beyond, you must understand their proofs. This book is the first to present these proofs for a broad, lay audience. It fully develops the simplest rigorous proofs found in the literature, reworked to contain less jargon and notation, and more background, intuition, examples, explanations, and exercises. Amazingly, all of the proofs in this book involve only arithmetic and basic logic - and are elementary, starting only from first principles and definitions. Very little background knowledge is required, and no specialized mathematical training - all you need is the discipline to follow logical arguments and a pen in your hand.

A hands-on lab guide in the R programming language that enables students in the life sciences to reason quantitatively about living systems across scales This lab guide accompanies the textbook Quantitative Biosciences, providing students with the skills they need to translate biological principles and mathematical concepts into computational models of living systems. This hands-on guide uses a case study approach organized around central questions in the life sciences, introducing landmark advances in the field while teaching students--whether from the life sciences, physics, computational sciences, engineering, or mathematics--how to reason quantitatively in the face of uncertainty. Draws on real-world case studies in molecular and cellular biosciences, organismal behavior and physiology, and populations and ecological communities Encourages good coding practices, clear and understandable modeling, and accessible presentation of results Helps students to develop a diverse repertoire of simulation approaches, enabling them to model at the appropriate scale Builds practical expertise in a range of methods, including sampling from probability distributions, stochastic branching processes, continuous time modeling, Markov chains, bifurcation analysis, partial differential equations, and agent-based simulations Bridges the gap between the classroom and research discovery, helping students to think independently, troubleshoot and resolve problems, and embark on research of their own Stand-alone computational lab guides for Quantitative Biosciences also available in Python and MATLAB

This book provides a comprehensive and user-friendly exploration of the tremendous recent developments that reveal the connections between real algebraic geometry and optimization, two subjects that were usually taught separately until the beginning of the 21st century. Real algebraic geometry studies the solutions of polynomial equations and polynomial inequalities over the real numbers. Real algebraic problems arise in many applications, including science and engineering, computer vision, robotics, and game theory. Optimization is concerned with minimizing or maximizing a given objective function over a feasible set. Presenting key ideas from classical and modern concepts in real algebraic geometry, this book develops related convex optimization techniques for polynomial optimization. The connection to optimization invites a computational view on real algebraic geometry and opens doors to applications.Intended as an introduction for students of mathematics or related fields at an advanced undergraduate or graduate level, this book serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners. Each chapter is complemented by a collection of beneficial exercises, notes on references, and further reading. As a prerequisite, only some undergraduate algebra is required.

Linear regression analysis, with its many generalizations, is the predominant quantitative method used throughout the social sciences and beyond. The goal of the method is to study relations among variables. In this book, Schoon, Melamed and Breiger turn regression modeling inside out to put the emphasis on the cases (people, organizations, and nations) that comprise the variables. By re-analyzing influential published research, they reveal new insights and present a principled way to unlock a set of more nuanced interpretations than has previously been attainable. The emphasis is on intuition and examples that can be reproduced using the code and datasets provided. Relating their contributions to methodologies that operate under quite different philosophical assumptions, the authors advance multi-method social science and help to bridge the divide between quantitative and qualitative research. The result is a modern, accessible, and innovative take on extracting knowledge from data.

Most nonlinear differential equations arising in natural sciences admit chaotic behaviour and cannot be solved analytically. Integrable systems lie on the other extreme. They possess regular, stable, and well-behaved solutions known as solitons and instantons. These solutions play important roles in pure and applied mathematics as well as in theoretical physics where they describe configurations topologically different from vacuum. While integrable equations in lower space-time dimensions can be solved using the inverse scattering transform, the higher-dimensional examples of anti-self-dual Yang-Mills and Einstein equations require twistor theory. Both techniques rely on an ability to represent nonlinear equations as compatibility conditions for overdetermined systems of linear differential equations. The book provides a self-contained and accessible introduction to the subject. It starts with an introduction to integrability of ordinary and partial differential equations. Subsequent chapters explore symmetry analysis, gauge theory, vortices, gravitational instantons, twistor transforms, and anti-self-duality equations. The three appendices cover basic differential geometry, complex manifold theory, and the exterior differential system.

With the explosion of data, computing power, and cloud data warehouses, SQL has become an even more indispensable tool for the savvy analyst or data scientist. This practical book reveals new and hidden ways to improve your SQL skills, solve problems, and make the most of SQL as part of your workflow. You'll learn how to use both common and exotic SQL functions such as joins, window functions, subqueries, and regular expressions in new, innovative ways--as well as how to combine SQL techniques to accomplish your goals faster, with understandable code. If you work with SQL databases, this is a must-have reference. Learn the key steps for preparing your data for analysis Perform time series analysis using SQL's date and time manipulations Use cohort analysis to investigate how groups change over time Use SQL's powerful functions and operators for text analysis Detect outliers in your data and replace them with alternate values Establish causality using experiment analysis, also known as A/B testing

Statistics for Research and Life is the step-by-step guide to statistics that prepares students for success in the psychology major, in daily life, and in their careers.

"Let V be a vertex operator algebra with a category C of (generalized) modules that has vertex tensor category structure, and thus braided tensor category structure, and let A be a vertex operator (super)algebra extension of V. We employ tensor categories to study untwisted (also called local) A-modules in C, using results of Huang-Kirillov-Lepowsky that show that A is a (super)algebra object in C and that generalized A-modules in C correspond exactly to local modules for the corresponding (super)algebra object. Both categories, of local modules for a C-algebra and (under suitable conditions) of generalized A-modules, have natural braided monoidal category structure, given in the first case by Pareigis and Kirillov-Ostrik and in the second case by Huang-Lepowsky-Zhang. Our main result is that the Huang-Kirillov-Lepowsky isomorphism of categories between local (super)algebra modules and extended vertex operator (super)algebra modules is also an isomorphism of braided monoidal (super)categories. Using this result, we show that induction from a suitable subcategory of V -modules to Amodules is a vertex tensor functor. Two applications are given: First, we derive Verlinde formulae for regular vertex operator superalgebras and regular 1 2Z-graded vertex operator algebras by realizing them as (super)algebra objects in the vertex tensor categories of their even and Z-graded components, respectively. Second, we analyze parafermionic cosets C = Com(VL, V) where L is a positive definite even lattice and V is regular. If the vertex tensor category of either V -modules or C-modules is understood, then our results classify all inequivalent simple modules for the other algebra and determine their fusion rules and modular character transformations. We illustrate both directions with several examples"-- Provided by publisher.

This book offers an alternative proof of the Bestvina-Feighn combination theorem for trees of hyperbolic spaces and describes uniform quasigeodesics in such spaces. As one of the applications of their description of uniform quasigeodesics, the authors prove the existence of Cannon-Thurston maps for inclusion maps of total spaces of subtrees of hyperbolic spaces and of relatively hyperbolic spaces. They also analyze the structure of Cannon-Thurston laminations in this setting. Furthermore, some group-theoretic applications of these results are discussed. This book also contains background material on coarse geometry and geometric group theory.

One of the most influential data visualization books--updated with new techniques, technologies, and examples Visualize This demonstrates how to explain data visually, so that you can present and communicate information in a way that is appealing and easy to understand. Today, there is a continuous flow of data available to answer almost any question. Thoughtful charts, maps, and analysis can help us make sense of this data. But the data does not speak for itself. As leading data expert Nathan Yau explains in this book, graphics provide little value unless they are built upon a firm understanding of the data behind them. Visualize This teaches you a data-first approach from a practical point of view. You'll start by exploring what your data has to say, and then you'll design visualizations that are both remarkable and meaningful. With this book, you'll discover what tools are available to you without becoming overwhelmed with options. You'll be exposed to a variety of software and code and jump right into real-world datasets so that you can learn visualization by doing. You'll learn to ask and answer questions with data, so that you can make charts that are both beautiful and useful. Visualize This also provides you with opportunities to apply what you learn to your own data. This completely updated, full-color second edition: Presents a unique approach to visualizing and telling stories with data, from data visualization expert Nathan Yau Offers step-by-step tutorials and practical design tips for creating statistical graphics, geographical maps, and information design Details tools that can be used to visualize data graphics for reports, presentations, and stories, for the web or for print, with major updates for the latest R packages, Python libraries, JavaScript libraries, illustration software, and point-and-click applications Contains numerous examples and descriptions of patterns and outliers and explains how to show them Information designers, analysts, journalists, statisticians, data scientists--as well as anyone studying for careers in these fields--will gain a valuable background in the concepts and techniques of data visualization, thanks to this legendary book.

'The Wonder of Quantum Spin' discusses the key role quantum spin continues to play in many frontiers of physics that include the study of new exotic states of matter, quantum information and quantum computing. Spin tales also include the story of MRI - one of the most important applications of quantum science to humanity.