Environmental & Sustainable Engineering: A Guide to the Resources

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1. That Secret Club of Heretics and Rebels -- 2. Calculation and Reckoning: Navigating Science, War, and Guilt -- 3. The First Apprentice -- 4. A Frog among Birds: Dyson as a Mathematical Physicist -- 5. Single Stage to Saturn: Project Orion, 1957-1965 -- 6. Dyson, Warfare, and the Jasons -- 7. A Warm Little Pond: Dyson and the Origins of Life -- 8. The Cosmic Seer -- 9. A Bouquet of Dyson -- Coda: Not the End -- Acknowledgments -- About the Authors -- Index.

This book surveys some of the important research work carried out by Indian scientists in the field of pure and applied probability, quantum probability, quantum scattering theory, group representation theory and general relativity. It reviews the axiomatic foundations of probability theory by A.N. Kolmogorov and how the Indian school of probabilists and statisticians used this theory effectively to study a host of applied probability and statistics problems like parameter estimation, convergence of a sequence of probability distributions, and martingale characterization of diffusions. It will be an important resource to students and researchers of Physics and Engineering, especially those working with Advanced Probability and Statistics.

2022 Winner - CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title The determination of stellar ages has been - and still is - crucial for the development of our understanding of the universe, and to constrain theoretical models for the formation of galaxies and the evolution of planetary systems. Stellar ages provide scientists with timescales, and these timescales allow us to identify the relevant physical processes responsible for the development of cosmic structures. This book describes in a simple, yet rigorous, manner the vast array of techniques that have been developed and are currently being used to determine the ages of stars. It also explores how stellar ages inform our knowledge about planets, star clusters, galaxies, even distant galaxies that we cannot resolve into individual stars. Up-to-date with the latest research and technologies in the field, it includes the cutting-edge methods being used based on asteroseismology and discusses open problems that remain to be pondered in future research. It will be of interest to advanced undergraduates and graduate students studying astronomy, in addition to the general public. Key Features Presents an entertaining and accessible approach whilst also providing a rigorous and comprehensive presentation of the subject Describes how to unveil the ages of stellar populations in distant galaxies that we cannot resolve into individual stars Contains historical notes about these techniques, outstanding major problems, and a discussion on future developments in the field

Written in accessible language without mathematical formulas, this short book provides an overview of the wide and varied applications of artificial intelligence (AI) across the spectrum of physical sciences. Focusing in particular on AI's ability to extract patterns from data, known as machine learning (ML), the book includes a chapter on important machine learning algorithms and their respective applications in physics. It then explores the use of ML across a number of important sub-fields in more detail, ranging from particle, molecular and condensed matter physics, to astrophysics, cosmology and the theory of everything. The book covers such applications as the search for new particles and the detection of gravitational waves from the merging of black holes, and concludes by discussing what the future may hold.

Electrochemical energy storage devices are the prime interest of researchers and students. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to nanomaterials and their potential applications specifically for electrochemical devices (rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors and so forth) in a coherent and simple manner. It covers fundamental concepts of nanomaterials, chemical and physical methods of synthesis, properties, characterization methods, and related applications.  Features: Introduces the evolution of nanoparticles in electrochemical energy storage devices. Provides the detailed information on step-by-step synthesis of nanoparticles. Discusses different characterization methods (structural, electrical, optical, and thermal). Includes the use of nanoparticles in various electrochemical devices. Aims to bridge the gap between the material synthesis and the real application. This book aims at Senior Undergraduate/Graduate students in Material Chemistry, Electrochemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Energy Storage.

Grounded in historical studies of asteroids from the nineteenth century, Asteroids is a fully up-to-date view of these remarkable objects. Without resorting to any technical diagrams or mathematics, Clifford J. Cunningham shows that asteroids are not just rocks in space, but key to understanding the life and death on Earth of both animals and humans. From space missions to the asteroids' starring role in literature and film, Cunningham precisely and entertainingly looks at the place asteroids have in our solar system and how they affect our daily lives.

Guiding us through Einstein's theory of relativity, quantum mechanics, and string theory, Astronomical explains the baffling mysteries of the cosmos: from alien life to the zodiac; from white holes to wormholes; from quasars to quark stars--all within a narrative that is as entertaining as it is edifying. Does the Big Bang prove the existence of God? What's the Universe expanding into? Is Earth the only planet which supports life? Space is the biggest, oldest, hottest, coldest, strangest thing a human can study. It's no surprise then, that the weirdest facts in science (not to mention the weirdest scientists themselves) are found in astrophysics and cosmology. If you're looking for instructions on how to set up your grandad's telescope this book probably isn't for you. In Astronomical, Tim James takes us on a tour of the known (and unknown) universe, focusing on the most-mind boggling stuff we've come across, as well as unpacking the latest theories about what's really going on out there. Guiding us through Einstein's relativity, quantum mechanics and string theory, Astronomical delves into the baffling corners of the cosmos and tackles the biggest mysteries we face: from alien life to the zodiac; from white holes to wormholes; from quasars to quark stars. This is the science of space at its absolute strangest.

Cover -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- 1. Uranium and Plutonium -- 2. The Manhattan Project -- 3. Los Alamos National Laboratory -- 4. The First Atomic Bomb: Trinity -- 5. Paul W. Tibbets -- 6. Preparations for the Atomic Bombings -- 7. Tinian -- 8. The Potsdam Declaration -- 9. Planning the Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima -- 10. The Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima -- 11. Truman's Address to the Nation -- 12. The Atomic Bombing of Nagasaki -- 13. Japan Surrenders -- 14. The Bikini Atoll Tests -- Epilogue: Japan -- Bibliography -- Index.

"A riveting tour of the cosmos from one of the brightest minds in astrophysics." --The Washington Post A revolutionary new account of our universe's creation--and a breathtaking exploration of the landscape from which we sprang--from one of the world's most celebrated cosmologists What came before the Big Bang, and what exists outside of the universe it created? Until recently, scientists could only guess at what lay past the edge of space-time. However, as pioneering theoretical physicist Laura Mersini-Houghton explains, new scientific tools are now giving us the ability to peer beyond the limits of our universe and to test our theories about what is there. And what we are finding is upending everything we thought we knew about the cosmos and our place in it. Mersini-Houghton is no stranger to boundaries--or to pushing through them. As a child growing up in Communist Albania, she discovered a universe beyond her walled-off world through the study of math and science, and through music. As a female cosmologist in a male-dominated field, she transcended the limits that society and her profession tried to place on her. And as a trailblazing researcher, she helped to revolutionize the study of our universe by revealing that, far from living in a cosmic Albania, with a world that ends at its borders, we are part of a larger family of universes--a multiverse--that holds wonders we are only beginning to unlock. Mersini-Houghton's groundbreaking research suggests that we sit in a quantum landscape whose peaks and valleys hide a multitude of other universes, and even hold the secret to the origins of existence itself. Recent evidence has revealed the signatures of such sibling universes in our own night sky, confirming Mersini-Houghton's theoretical work and offering humbling evidence that our universe is just one member of an unending cosmic family. The incredible scientific saga of one woman's mind-expanding journey through the multiverse, Before the Big Bang will reshape our understanding of humanity's place in the unfathomable vastness of the cosmos.

From the cubit to the kilogram, the humble inch to the speed of light, measurement is a powerful tool that humans invented to make sense of the world. In this revelatory work of science and social history, James Vincent dives into its hidden world, taking readers from ancient Egypt, where measuring the annual depth of the Nile was an essential task, to the intellectual origins of the metric system in the French Revolution, and from the surprisingly animated rivalry between metric and imperial, to our current age of the "quantified self." At every turn, Vincent is keenly attuned to the political consequences of measurement, exploring how it has also been used as a tool for oppression and control. Beyond Measure reveals how measurement is not only deeply entwined with our experience of the world, but also how its history encompasses and shapes the human quest for knowledge.

INSTANT NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER "Most appealing... technical accuracy and lightness of tone... Impeccable."--Wall Street Journal "A porthole into another world."--Scientific American "Brings science dissemination to a new level."--Science The most trusted explainer of the most mind-boggling concepts pulls back the veil of mystery that has too long cloaked the most valuable building blocks of modern science. Sean Carroll, with his genius for making complex notions entertaining, presents in his uniquely lucid voice the fundamental ideas informing the modern physics of reality.   Physics offers deep insights into the workings of the universe but those insights come in the form of equations that often look like gobbledygook. Sean Carroll shows that they are really like meaningful poems that can help us fly over sierras to discover a miraculous multidimensional landscape alive with radiant giants, warped space-time, and bewilderingly powerful forces. High school calculus is itself a centuries-old marvel as worthy of our gaze as the Mona Lisa. And it may come as a surprise the extent to which all our most cutting-edge ideas about black holes are built on the math calculus enables.    No one else could so smoothly guide readers toward grasping the very equation Einstein used to describe his theory of general relativity. In the tradition of the legendary Richard Feynman lectures presented sixty years ago, this book is an inspiring, dazzling introduction to a way of seeing that will resonate across cultural and generational boundaries for many years to come.

In this revelatory and moving memoir, a former NASA astronaut and NFL wide receiver shares his personal journey from the gridiron to the stars, examining the intersecting roles of community, perseverance and grace that align to create the opportunities for success. Leland Melvin is the only person in human history to catch a pass in the National Football League and in space. Though his path to the heavens was riddled with setbacks and injury, Leland persevered to reach the stars. While training with NASA, Melvin suffered a severe injury that left him deaf. Leland was relegated to earthbound assignments, but chose to remain and support his astronaut family. His loyalty paid off. Recovering partial hearing, he earned his eligibility for space travel. He served as mission specialist for two flights aboard the shuttle Atlantis, working on the International Space Station. In this uplifting memoir, the former NASA astronaut and professional athlete offers an examination of the intersecting role of community, determination, and grace that align to shape our opportunities and outcomes. Chasing Space is not the story of one man, but the story of many men, women, scientists, and mentors who helped him defy the odds and live out an uncommon destiny. As a chemist, athlete, engineer and space traveler, Leland's life story is a study in the science of achievement. His personal insights illuminate how grit and grace, are the keys to overcoming adversity and rising to success.

The response of materials and the functioning of devices is often associated with noise. In this book, Stefano Zapperi concentrates on a particular type of noise, known as crackling noise, which is characterized by an intermittent series of broadly distributed pulses. While representing a nuisance in many practical applications, crackling noise can also tell us something useful about the microscopic processes ruling the materials behavior. Each crackle in the noise series usually corresponds to a localized impulsive event, an avalanche, occurring inside the material. A distinct statistical feature of crackling noise, and of the underlying avalanche behavior, is the presence of scaling, observed as power-law distributed noise pulses, long-range correlation, and scale free spectra. These are the hallmarks of critical phenomena and phase transitions. This work summarizes the current understanding of crackling noise, reviewing research undertaken in the past 30 years, from the early and influential ideas on self-organized criticality in sandpile models, to more modern studies on disordered systems. Crackling Noise covers the main theoretical models used to investigate avalanche phenomena, describes the statistical tools needed to analyze crackling noise, and provides a detailed discussion of a set of relevant examples of crackling noise in materials science. These include acoustic emission in fracture, strain bursts in amorphous and crystal plasticity, granular avalanches, magnetic noise in ferromagnets and superconductors, and fluid flow in porous media. The book concludes by considering the wider application of these models in the natural sciences.

With contributions from leading international researchers, this second edition of Electrical Impedance Tomography: Methods, History and Applications has been fully updated throughout and contains new developments in the field, including sections on image interpretation and image reconstruction. Providing a thorough review of the progress of EIT, the present state of knowledge, and a look at future advances and applications, this accessible reference will be invaluable for mathematicians, physicists dealing with bioimpedance, electronic engineers involved in developing and extending its applications, and clinicians wishing to take advantage of this powerful imaging method. Key Features: Fully updated throughout, with new sections on image interpretation and image reconstruction Overview of the current state of experimental and clinical use of EIT as well as active research developments Overview of related research in geophysics, industrial process tomography, magnetic-resonance and magnetic-induction impedance imaging

An award-winning science journalist details the quest to isolate and understand dark matter--and shows how that search has helped us to understand the universe we inhabit. When you train a telescope on outer space, you can see luminous galaxies, nebulae, stars, and planets. But if you add all that together, it constitutes only 15 percent of the matter in the universe. Despite decades of research, the nature of the remaining 85 percent is unknown. We call it dark matter. In The Elephant in the Universe, Govert Schilling explores the fascinating history of the search for dark matter. Evidence for its existence comes from a wealth of astronomical observations. Theories and computer simulations of the evolution of the universe are also suggestive: they can be reconciled with astronomical measurements only if dark matter is a dominant component of nature. Physicists have devised huge, sensitive instruments to search for dark matter, which may be unlike anything else in the cosmos--some unknown elementary particle. Yet so far dark matter has escaped every experiment. Indeed, dark matter is so elusive that some scientists are beginning to suspect there might be something wrong with our theories about gravity or with the current paradigms of cosmology. Schilling interviews both believers and heretics and paints a colorful picture of the history and current status of dark matter research, with astronomers and physicists alike trying to make sense of theory and observation. Taking a holistic view of dark matter as a problem, an opportunity, and an example of science in action, The Elephant in the Universe is a vivid tale of scientists puzzling their way toward the true nature of the universe.

*A New York Times Book Review Editor's Choice Selection* The first major biography of Peter Higgs, revealing how a short burst of work changed modern physics  On July 4, 2012, the announcement came that one of the longest-running mysteries in physics had been solved: the Higgs boson, the missing piece in understanding why particles have mass, had finally been discovered. On the rostrum, surrounded by jostling physicists and media, was the particle's retiring namesake--the only person in history to have an existing single particle named for them. Why Peter Higgs? Drawing on years of conversations with Higgs and others, Close illuminates how an unprolific man became one of the world's most famous scientists. Close finds that scientific competition between people, institutions, and states played as much of a role in making Higgs famous as Higgs's work did.   A revelatory study of both a scientist and his era, Elusive will remake our understanding of modern physics.  

Driven by continuing pursuits in device miniaturization and performance improvement, emergent micro- and nanomaterials hold the keys to enabling next-generation technologies in optical, infrared, and terahertz applications, owing to their unique properties and strong responses in these frequency bands. Development of these fascinating materials has triggered a number of opportunities in the applied sciences, and some have even made their impact in the market. Emergent Micro- and Nanomaterials for Optical, Infrared, and Terahertz Applications reviews state-of-the-art developments in various emergent materials and their implementation in applications such as sensors, waveplates, communications, and light sources, among others. The book discusses the similarities, advantages, and limitations and offers a comparative of each material. This volume: Covers all emergent materials (natural and artificial) that are promising for optical, infrared, and terahertz applications Comparatively analyzes these materials, elucidating their unique advantages, limitations, and application scopes Provides an up-to-date record on achievements and progress in cutting-edge optical, infrared, and terahertz applications Offers a comprehensive overview to connect multidisciplinary fields, such as materials, physics, and optics, to serve as a basis for future progress This book is a valuable reference for engineers, researchers, and students in the areas of materials and optics, as well as physics, and will benefit both junior- and senior-level researchers.

Energy Conversion and Green Energy Storage presents recent developments in renewable energy conversion and green energy storage. Covering technical expansions in renewable energy and applications, energy storage, and solar photovoltaics, the book features chapters written by global experts in the field.Providing insights related to various forms of renewable energy, the book discusses developments in solar photovoltaic applications. The book also includes simulation codes and programs, such as Wien2k code, VASP code, and MATLAB®.The book serves as a useful reference for researchers, graduate students, and engineers in the field of energy.

This book aims to popularize physics by emphasizing conceptual ideas of physics and their interconnections, while avoiding mathematics entirely. The approach is to explore intriguing topics by asking and discussing questions, thereby the reader can participate in developing answers, which enables a deeper understanding than is achievable with memorization.The topic of this volume, 'Colors, light and Optical Illusions', is chosen because we face colors and light every waking minute of our lives, and we experience optical illusions much more often than we realize.This book will attract all those with a curious mind about nature and with a desire to understand how nature works, especially the younger generation of secondary-school children and their teachers.

A NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER "An informed and entertaining guide to what science can and cannot tell us." --The Wall Street Journal "Stimulating . . . encourage[s] readers to push past well-trod assumptions [...] and have fun doing so." --Science Magazine From renowned physicist and creator of the YouTube series "Science without the Gobbledygook," a book that takes a no-nonsense approach to life's biggest questions, and wrestles with what physics really says about the human condition Not only can we not currently explain the origin of the universe, it is questionable we will ever be able to explain it. The notion that there are universes within particles, or that particles are conscious, is ascientific, as is the hypothesis that our universe is a computer simulation.  On the other hand, the idea that the universe itself is conscious is difficult to rule out entirely.    According to Sabine Hossenfelder, it is not a coincidence that quantum entanglement and vacuum energy have become the go-to explanations of alternative healers, or that people believe their deceased grandmother is still alive because of quantum mechanics. Science and religion have the same roots, and they still tackle some of the same questions: Where do we come from? Where do we go to? How much can we know? The area of science that is closest to answering these questions is physics. Over the last century, physicists have learned a lot about which spiritual ideas are still compatible with the laws of nature. Not always, though, have they stayed on the scientific side of the debate. In this lively, thought-provoking book, Hossenfelder takes on the biggest questions in physics: Does the past still exist? Do particles think? Was the universe made for us? Has physics ruled out free will? Will we ever have a theory of everything? She lays out how far physicists are on the way to answering these questions, where the current limits are, and what questions might well remain unanswerable forever. Her book offers a no-nonsense yet entertaining take on some of the toughest riddles in existence, and will give the reader a solid grasp on what we know--and what we don't know.

A fun, dazzling exploration of the strange numbers that illuminate the ultimate nature of reality. For particularly brilliant theoretical physicists like James Clerk Maxwell, Paul Dirac, or Albert Einstein, the search for mathematical truths led to strange new understandings of the ultimate nature of reality. But what are these truths? What are the mysterious numbers that explain the universe? In Fantastic Numbers and Where to Find Them, the leading theoretical physicist and YouTube star Antonio Padilla takes us on an irreverent cosmic tour of nine of the most extraordinary numbers in physics, offering a startling picture of how the universe works. These strange numbers include Graham's number, which is so large that if you thought about it in the wrong way, your head would collapse into a singularity; TREE(3), whose finite nature can never be definitively proved, because to do so would take so much time that the universe would experience a Poincaré Recurrence--resetting to precisely the state it currently holds, down to the arrangement of individual atoms; and 10^{{-120}}, measuring the desperately unlikely balance of energy needed to allow the universe to exist for more than just a moment, to extend beyond the size of a single atom--in other words, the mystery of our unexpected universe. Leading us down the rabbit hole to a deeper understanding of reality, Padilla explains how these unusual numbers are the key to understanding such mind-boggling phenomena as black holes, relativity, and the problem of the cosmological constant--that the two best and most rigorously tested ways of understanding the universe contradict one another. Fantastic Numbers and Where to Find Them is a combination of popular and cutting-edge science--and a lively, entertaining, and even funny exploration of the most fundamental truths about the universe.

"The rabbit hole gets wrestled here. An old school saying applies: the more you know, the more you don't know. Dance along this read into the unknown and find out that this book may be the best ever answer to 'What is soul?'" --Chuck D, rapper and co-founder of Public Enemy *Starred Reviews* from Kirkus and Publishers Weekly! Named a Best Book of 2021 by Library Journal, Kirkus, and symmetry Magazine In this important guide to science and society, a cosmologist argues that physics must embrace the excluded, listen to the unheard, and be unafraid of being wrong.   Years ago, cosmologist Stephon Alexander received life-changing advice: to discover real physics, he needed to stop memorizing and start taking risks. In Fear of a Black Universe, Alexander shows that great physics requires us to think outside the mainstream -- to improvise and rely on intuition. His approach leads him to three principles that shape all theories of the universe: the principle of invariance, the quantum principle, and the principle of emergence. Alexander uses them to explore some of physics' greatest mysteries, from what happened before the big bang to how the universe makes consciousness possible. Drawing on his experience as a Black physicist, he makes a powerful case for diversifying our scientific communities. Compelling and empowering, Fear of a Black Universe offers remarkable insight into the art of physics.

The physics of non-equilibrium many-body systems is a rapidly expanding area of theoretical physics. Traditionally employed in laser physics and superconducting kinetics, these techniques have more recently found applications in the dynamics of cold atomic gases, mesoscopic and nano-mechanical systems, and quantum computation. This book provides a detailed presentation of modern non-equilibrium field-theoretical methods, applied to examples ranging from biophysics to the kinetics of superfluids and superconductors. A highly pedagogical and self-contained approach is adopted within the text, making it ideal as a reference for graduate students and researchers in condensed matter physics. In this Second Edition, the text has been substantially updated to include recent developments in the field such as driven-dissipative quantum systems, kinetics of fermions with Berry curvature, and Floquet kinetics of periodically driven systems, among many other important new topics. Problems have been added throughout, structured as compact guided research projects that encourage independent exploration.

An eminent engineer and historian tackles one of the most elemental aspects of life: how we experience and utilize physical force “Another gem from a master of technology writing.”—Kirkus Reviews Force explores how humans interact with the material world in the course of their everyday activities. This book for the general reader also considers the significance of force in shaping societies and cultures. Celebrated author Henry Petroski delves into the ongoing physical interaction between people and things that enables them to stay put or causes them to move. He explores the range of daily human experience whereby we feel the sensations of push and pull, resistance and assistance. The book is also about metaphorical force, which manifests itself as pressure and relief, achievement and defeat. Petroski draws from a variety of disciplines to make the case that force—represented especially by our sense of touch—is a unifying principle that pervades our lives. In the wake of a prolonged global pandemic that increasingly cautioned us about contact with the physical world, Petroski offers a new perspective on the importance of the sensation and power of touch.

"Formerly the domain of fiction, moving human civilization to the stars is increasingly becoming a scientific possibility--and a necessity. Whether in the near future due to climate change and the depletion of finite resources, or in the distant future due to catastrophic cosmological events, we must face the reality that humans will one day need to leave planet Earth to survive as a species. World-renowned physicist and futurist Michio Kaku explores in rich, intimate detail the process by which humanity may gradually move away from the planet and develop a sustainable civilization in outer space. He reveals how cutting-edge developments in robotics, nanotechnology, and biotechnology may allow us to terraform and build habitable cities on Mars. He then takes us beyond the solar system to nearby stars, which may soon be reached by nanoships traveling on laser beams at near the speed of light. Finally, he brings us beyond our galaxy, and even beyond our universe, to the possibility of immortality, showing us how humans may someday be able to leave our bodies entirely and laser port to new havens in space. With irrepressible enthusiasm and wonder, Dr. Kaku takes readers on a fascinating journey to a future in which humanity may finally fulfill its long-awaited destiny among the stars"-- Provided by publisher.

String theory is a leading candidate for the unification of universal forces and matter, and one of its most striking predictions is the existence of small additional dimensions that have escaped detection so far. This book focuses on the geometry of these dimensions, beginning with the basics of the theory, the mathematical properties of spinors, and differential geometry. It further explores advanced techniques at the core of current research, such as G-structures and generalized complex geometry. Many significant classes of solutions to the theory's equations are studied in detail, from special holonomy and Sasaki-Einstein manifolds to their more recent generalizations involving fluxes for form fields. Various explicit examples are discussed, of interest to graduates and researchers.

Aimed at graduate students in physics and physical chemistry, this textbook provides an accessible and comprehensive introduction to ultrafast spectroscopy. Each chapter is designed to be self-contained and includes in-text exercises to illustrate or expand upon the ideas covered in the main text.

The fascinating story of science in pursuit of the ghostly, ubiquitous subatomic particle--the neutrino. Isaac Asimov once observed of the neutrino: "The only reason scientists suggested its existence was their need to make calculations come out even. And yet the nothing-particle was not a nothing at all." In fact, as one of the most enigmatic and most populous particles in the universe--about 100 trillion are flying through you every second--the neutrino may hold the clues to some of our deepest cosmic mysteries. In Ghost Particle, Alan Chodos and James Riordon recount the dramatic history of the neutrino--from the initial suggestion that the particle was merely a desperate solution to a puzzle that threatened to undermine the burgeoning field of particle physics to its modern role in illuminating the universe via neutrino telescopes.   Alan Chodos and James Riordon are deft and engaging guides as they conduct readers through the experiences of intrepid scientists and the challenges they faced, and continue to face, in their search for the ghostly neutrino. Along the way, the authors provide expert insight into the significance of neutrino research from the particle's first, momentous discovery to recent, revolutionary advances in neutrino detection and astronomy. Chodos and Riordon describe how neutrinos may soon provide clues to some of the biggest questions we encounter today, including how to understand the dark matter that makes up most of the universe--and why anything exists in the universe at all.

#1 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER * The epic story of the greatest quest in all of science--the holy grail of physics that would explain the creation of the universe--from renowned theoretical physicist and author of The Future of the Mind and The Future of Humanity. When Newton discovered the law of gravity, he unified the rules governing the heavens and the Earth. Since then, physicists have been placing new forces into ever-grander theories.   But perhaps the ultimate challenge is achieving a monumental synthesis of the two remaining theories--relativity and the quantum theory. This would be the crowning achievement of science, a profound merging of all the forces of nature into one beautiful, magnificent equation to unlock the deepest mysteries in science: What happened before the Big Bang? What lies on the other side of a black hole? Are there other universes and dimensions? Is time travel possible? Why are we here?   Kaku also explains the intense controversy swirling around this theory, with Nobel laureates taking opposite sides on this vital question. It is a captivating, gripping story; what's at stake is nothing less than our conception of the universe.   Written with Kaku's trademark enthusiasm and clarity, this epic and engaging journey is the story of The God Equation.

Sensational developments in gravitational physics have occurred in recent years. Gravity: From Falling Apples to Supermassive Black Holes offers an engaging, accessible, and up-to-date account of this subject. It explains some of the key ideas in astronomy and physics in a historical style, with stories about past and present researchers, leading up to the cutting-edge research of today. The historical narrative runs from the early cosmologies, through the great breakthroughs of Tycho and Kepler, to Galileo's contributions to astronomy and mechanics, then considers the significance of Jeremiah Horrocks's ideas. Newton's theories of mechanics and gravity are presented in detail. Newton's theories were superseded by Einstein's general relativity, where gravity is explained as the curvature of four-dimensional spacetime by massive bodies. The text explains how Einstein used non-Euclidean geometry to construct his theory. It also considers the many ways in which general relativity has been tested. One of its predictions is the existence of black holes. The work of Penrose and Hawking is described, including more speculative ideas such as Hawking radiation, primordial black holes, and the search for a quantum theory of gravity. The book describes the recent discovery of gravitational waves and what they tell us about neutron stars and black holes. A supermassive black hole resides at the centre of all galaxies. One has been imaged by the Event Horizon Telescope. General relativity is also the basis for modern cosmology. The book describes the Big Bang, the cosmic microwave background, dark matter, dark energy, and cosmological inflation.

In 1942, the US government began construction on a sixty-thousand-acre planned community named Oak Ridge in a rural area west of Knoxville, Tennessee. Unmarked on regional maps, Oak Ridge attracted more than seventy thousand people eager for high-paying wartime jobs. Among them was author Emily Strasser's grandfather George, a chemist. All employees--from scientists to secretaries, from military personnel to construction workers--were restricted by the tightest security. They were provided only the minimum information necessary to perform their jobs. It wasn't until three years later that the citizens of Oak Ridge, and the rest of the world, learned the true purpose of the local industry. Oak Ridge was one of three secret cities constructed by the Manhattan Project for the express purpose of developing the first atomic bomb, which devastated Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. In Half-Life of a Secret: Reckoning with a Hidden History, Emily Strasser exposes the toxic legacy--political, environmental, and personal--that forever polluted her family, a community, the nation, and the world. Sifting through archives and family memories, and traveling to the deserts of Nevada and the living rooms of Hiroshima, she grapples with the far-reaching ramifications of her grandfather's work. She learns that during the three decades he spent building nuclear weapons, George suffered from increasingly debilitating mental illness. Returning to Oak Ridge, Strasser confronts the widespread contamination resulting from nuclear weapons production and the government's disregard for its impact on the environment and public health. With brilliant insight, she reveals the intersections between the culture of secrecy in her family and the institutionalized secrecy within the nuclear industry, which persists, with grave consequences, to this day.

The first comprehensive, empirically grounded, and independent study of the history of the IAEA. The International Atomic Energy Agency, which sends inspectors around the world to prevent states from secretly developing nuclear bombs, has one of the most important jobs in international security. At the same time, the IAEA is a global hub for the exchange of nuclear science and technology for peaceful purposes. Yet spreading nuclear materials and know-how around the world bears the unwanted risk of helping what the agency aims to halt: the emergence of new nuclear weapon states. In Inspectors for Peace, Elisabeth Roehrlich unravels the IAEA's paradoxical mission of sharing nuclear knowledge and technology while seeking to deter nuclear weapon programs. Founded in 1957 in an act of unprecedented cooperation between the Cold War superpowers, the agency developed from a small technical bureaucracy in war-torn Vienna to a key organization in the global nuclear order. Roehrlich argues that the IAEA's dual mandate, though apparently contradictory, was pivotal in ensuring the organization's legitimacy, acceptance, and success. For its first decade of existence, the IAEA was primarily a scientific and technical organization; it was not until the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons entered into force in 1970 that the agency took on the far-reaching verification and inspection role for which it is now most widely known. While the Fukushima nuclear disaster and the Iran negotiations made the IAEA's name famous, the organization's remarkable history remains strikingly absent from public knowledge. Drawing on extensive archival research, including firsthand access to newly opened records at the IAEA Archives in Vienna,Inspectors for Peaceprovides the first comprehensive, empirically grounded, and independent study on the history of the IAEA. Roehrlich also interviewed leading policymakers and officials, including Hans Blix and Nobel Peace laureate Mohamed ElBaradei, the agency's former heads. This book offers insight not only for students, scholars, and policy experts but for anyone interested in the history of the nuclear age, the Cold War, and the role of international organizations in shaping our world.

The aim of this textbook is to provide an overview of nanophotonics, a discipline which was developed around the turn of the millennium. This unique and rapidly evolving subject area is the result of a collaboration between various scientific communities working on different aspects oflight-matter interaction at the nanoscale. These include near-field optics and super-resolution microscopy, photonic crystals, diffractive optics, plasmonics, optoelectronics, synthesis of metallic and semiconductor nanoparticles, two-dimensional materials, and metamaterials.The book is aimed at graduate students with a background in physics, electrical engineering, material science, or chemistry, as well as lecturers and researchers working within these fields.

Laser Stimulated Scattering and Multiphoton Excitation is the first book to comprehensively cover quantum electrodynamic theory of stimulated scattering and multiphoton excitation processes, as well as various stimulated scattering effects. These include stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) andstimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS), as well as more recent advances in the field such as stimulated Kerr scattering (SKS), stimulated Rayleigh-Bragg scattering (SRBS) and stimulated Mie scattering (SMS). The book goes on to discuss multiphoton excitation-based nonlinear optical effects,photoelectric effects, atomic and molecular ionization effects, and molecular dissociation effects.Each chapter includes a description of the key concepts and mechanisms alongside the necessary theoretical formulations, as well as engaging with the latest experimental research achievements and the scientific and technological applications of the theory.Laser Stimulated Scattering and Multiphoton Excitation is essential reading for academics, research scientists, and students working or interested in the areas of nonlinear optics, nonlinear photonics, laser spectroscopy, physical optics, physical chemistry, and optoelectronic engineering.

This encyclopedia examines Marie Curie's life and contributions

A surprising, fascinating journey through the experiments that not only unlocked the nature of matter and shaped our understanding of the cosmos but also forever changed the way we live within it "A book about the fundamental problems of physics written from a viewpoint I hadn't come across before: that of the experimenter. A splendid idea, vividly carried out." -Philip Pullman, best-selling author of His Dark Materials Physics has always sought to deepen our understanding of the nature of matter and the world around us. But how do you conduct experiments with the fundamental building blocks of existence? How do you manipulate a particle a trillion times smaller than a grain of sand? How do you cause a proton to sail around a twenty-seven-kilometer-long loop 11,000 times per second? And, crucially, why is all this important? In The Matter of Everything, accelerator physicist Suzie Sheehy introduces us to the people who, through a combination of genius, persistence and luck, staged the experiments that changed the course of history. From the serendipitous discovery of X-rays in a German laboratory to the scientists trying to prove Einstein wrong (and inadvertently proving him right) to the race to split open the atom, these brilliant experiments led to some of the most significant breakthroughs in science and fundamentally changed our lives. They have helped us detect the flow of lava deep inside volcanoes, develop life-saving medical techniques like diagnostic imaging and radiation therapy, and create radio, TV, microwaves, smartphones--even the World Wide Web itself--among countless other advancements. Along the way, Sheehy pulls back the curtain to reveal how physics is really done--not only by theorists with equation-filled blackboards but also by experimentalists with hand-blown glass, hot air balloons and cathedral-sized electronics. Celebrating human ingenuity, creativity and above all curiosity, The Matter of Everything is an inspiring story of discovery and a powerful reminder that progress is a function of our desire to know.

Systems consisting of many interacting constituents often show a collective behavior not predictable from the interaction of the individual constituents-such as the freezing or evaporation of a liquid. The book addresses different forms of such complex behavior, which has only been thoroughly investigated in the past few decades. Although these studies originate in physics, we show that the behavior is found to be very universal, ranging from the structure of the early universe to turbulence, Brownian motion and to the frequency of words in literary texts. Thus complexity is seen to become a most promising interdisciplinary research field for future science.

Nanohertz Gravitational Wave Astronomy explores the exciting hunt for low frequency gravitational waves by using the extraordinary timing precision of pulsars. The book takes the reader on a tour across the expansive gravitational-wave landscape, from LIGO detections to the search for polarization patterns in the Cosmic Microwave Background, then hones in on the band of nanohertz frequencies that Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) are sensitive to. Within this band may lie many pairs of the most massive black holes in the entire Universe, all radiating in chorus to produce a background of gravitational waves. The book shows how such extra-Galactic gravitational waves can alter the arrival times of radio pulses emanating from monitored Galactic pulsars, and how we can use the pattern of correlated timing deviations from many pulsars to tease out the elusive signal. The book takes a pragmatic approach to data analysis, explaining how it is performed in practice within classical and Bayesian statistics, as well as the numerous strategies one can use to optimize numerical Bayesian searches in PTA analyses. It closes with a complete discussion of the data model for nanohertz gravitational wave searches, and an overview of the past achievements, present efforts, and future prospects for PTAs. The book is accessible to upper division undergraduate students and graduate students of astronomy, and also serves as a useful desk reference for experts in the field. Key features: Contains a complete derivation of the pulsar timing response to gravitational waves, and the overlap reduction function for PTAs. Presents a comprehensive overview of source astrophysics, and the dynamical influences that shape the gravitational wave signals that PTAs are sensitive to. Serves as a detailed primer on gravitational-wave data analysis and numerical Bayesian techniques for PTAs.

Nano Tools and Devices for Enhanced Renewable Energy addresses key challenges faced in major energy sectors as the world strives for more affordable and renewable energy sources. The book collates and discusses the latest innovations in nanotechnology for energy applications, providing a comprehensive single resource for those interested in renewable energy. Chapters cover a range of nano tools and devices, as well as renewable energy types and sources, from energy storage to geothermal energy.  Materials scientists, engineers and environmental scientists interested in the application and evaluation of innovative nano tools and devices in renewable energy technologies will find this book very valuable. Nanotechnology can help to reduce energy consumption and lessen toxicity burdens on the environment. Despite the rapid growth of development and use of nanotechnology in the modern world, there are still challenges faced by researchers and development groups in industry and academia. This book helps solve the problems of reduced accessibility of relevant research, presenting important information on adverse impacts on the environment, human health, safety and sustainability. Covers a range of nano tools and devices, as well as renewable energy types and sources, from energy storage to geothermal energy Offers an insight into the commercialization and regulatory aspects of nanotechnology for renewable energy Helps solve the problems of reduced accessibility of relevant information, presenting important research on adverse impacts on the environment, human health, safety and sustainability

This first-of-a-kind textbook provides computational tools in state-of-the-art OOPs Python that are fundamental to quantum information, quantum computing, linear algebra and one-dimensional spin half condensed matter systems. Over 104 subroutines are included, and the codes are aided by mathematical comments to enhance clarity. Suitable for beginner and advanced readers alike, students and researchers will find this textbook to be a helpful guide and a compendium which they can readily use. Features Includes over 104 codes in OOPs Python, all of which can be used either as a standalone program or integrated with any other main program without any issues. Every parameter in the input, output and execution has been provided while keeping both beginner and advanced users in mind. The output of every program is explained thoroughly with detailed examples. Detailed mathematical commenting is done alongside the code which enhances clarity about the flow and working of the code.

An account of Max Planck's construction of his theory of blackbody radiation, summarizing the established physics on which he drew.

Semiconductors with optical characteristics have found widespread use in evolving semiconductor photovoltaics, where optical features are important. The industrialization of semiconductors and their allied applications have paved the way for optical measurement techniques to be used in new ways. Due to their unique properties, semiconductors are key components in the daily employed technologies in healthcare, computing, communications, green energy, and a range of other uses. This book examines the fundamental optical properties and applications of semiconductors. It summarizes the information as well as the optical characteristics and applicability of semiconductors through an in-depth review of the literature. Accomplished experts in the field share their knowledge and examine new developments. FEATURES Comprehensive coverage of all types of optical applications using semiconductors Explores relevant composite materials and devices for each application Addresses the optical properties of crystalline and amorphous semiconductors Describes new developments in the field and future potential applications Optical Properties and Applications of Semiconductors is a comprehensive reference and an invaluable resource for engineers, scientists, academics, and industry R&D teams working in applied physics.

PHYSICS OF THIN-FILM PHOTOVOLTAICS Tackling one of the hottest topics in renewables, thin-film photovoltaics, the authors present the latest updates, technologies, and applications, offering the most up-to-date and thorough coverage available to the engineer, scientist, or student. It appears rather paradoxical that thin-film photovoltaics (PVs) are made of materials that seem unacceptable from the classical PV perspective, and yet they often outperform classical PV. This exciting new volume solves that paradox by switching to a new physics paradigm. Many concepts here fall beyond the classical PV scope. The differences lie in device thinness (microns instead of millimeters) and morphology (non-crystalline instead of crystalline). In such structures, the charge carriers can reach electrodes without recombination. On the other hand, thin disordered structures render a possibility of detrimental lateral nonuniformities ("recombination highways"), and their energy spectra give rise to new recombination modes. The mechanisms of thermal exchange and device degradation are correspondingly unique. The overall objective of this book is to give a self-contained in-depth discussion of the physics of thin-film systems in a manner accessible to both researchers and students. It covers most aspects of the physics of thin-film PV, including device operations, material structure and parameters, thin-film junction formation, analytical and numerical modeling, concepts of large area effects and lateral non-uniformities, physics of shunting (both shunt growth and effects), and device degradation. Also, it reviews a variety of physical diagnostic techniques proven with thin-film PV. Whether for the veteran engineer or the student, this is a must-have for any library. This outstanding new volume: Covers not only the state-of-the-art of thin-film photovoltaics, but also the basics, making this volume useful not just to the veteran engineer, but the new-hire or student as well Offers a comprehensive coverage of thin-film photovoltaics, including operations, modeling, non-uniformities, piezo-effects, and degradation Includes novel concepts and applications never presented in book format before Is an essential reference, not just for the engineer, scientist, and student, but the unassuming level of presentation also makes it accessible to readers with a limited physics background Is filled with workable examples and designs that are helpful for practical applications Is useful as a textbook for researchers, students, and faculty for understanding new ideas in this rapidly emerging field Audience: Industrial professionals in photovoltaics, such as engineers, managers, research and development staff, technicians, government and private research labs; also academic and research universities, such as physics, chemistry, and electrical engineering departments, and graduate and undergraduate students studying electronic devices, semiconductors, and energy disciplines

Philosophers debate the ideas and implications of one of the most important contemporary works in the philosophy of science, David Albert's Time and Chance. In the twenty-odd years since its publication, David Albert's Time and Chance has been recognized as one of the most significant contemporary contributions to the philosophy of science. Here, philosophers and physicists explore the implications of Albert's arguments and debate his solutions to some of the most intractable problems in theoretical physics. Albert has attempted to make sense of the tension between our best scientific pictures of the fundamental physical structure of the world and our everyday empirical experience of that world. In particular, he is concerned with problems arising from causality and the direction of time: defying common sense, almost all our basic scientific ideas suggest that whatever can happen can just as naturally happen in reverse. Focusing on Newtonian mechanics, Albert provides a systematic account of the temporal irreversibility of the Second Law of Thermodynamics, of the asymmetries in our epistemic access to the past and the future, and of our conviction that by acting now we can affect the future but not the past. He also generalizes the Newtonian picture to the quantum-mechanical case and suggests a deep potential connection between the problem of the direction of time and the quantum-mechanical measurement problem. The essays included in The Probability Map of the Universe develop, explore, and critique this account, while Albert himself replies. The result is an insightful discussion of the foundations of statistical mechanics and its relation to cosmology, the direction of time, and the metaphysical nature of laws and objective probability.

An exceptionally accessible introduction to quantum field theory Quantum field theory is by far the most spectacularly successful theory in physics, but also one of the most mystifying. Quantum Field Theory, as Simply as Possible provides an essential primer on the subject, giving readers the conceptual foundations they need to wrap their heads around one of the most important yet baffling subjects in physics. Quantum field theory grew out of quantum mechanics in the late 1930s and was developed by a generation of brilliant young theorists, including Julian Schwinger and Richard Feynman. Their predictions were experimentally verified to an astounding accuracy unmatched by the rest of physics. Quantum field theory unifies quantum mechanics and special relativity, thus providing the framework for understanding the quantum mysteries of the subatomic world. With his trademark blend of wit and physical insight, A. Zee guides readers from the classical notion of the field to the modern frontiers of quantum field theory, covering a host of topics along the way, including antimatter, Feynman diagrams, virtual particles, the path integral, quantum chromodynamics, electroweak unification, grand unification, and quantum gravity. A unique and valuable introduction for students and general readers alike, Quantum Field Theory, as Simply as Possible explains how quantum field theory informs our understanding of the universe, and how it can shed light on some of the deepest mysteries of physics.

In this inspiring coming-of-age memoir, a world-renowned astrophysicist emerges from an impoverished childhood and crime-filled adolescence to ascend through the top ranks of research physics.   NAMED ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY KIRKUS REVIEWS * "You'll encounter one extraordinary turn of events after another, as the extraordinary chess player, puzzle solver, and occasional grifter works his way from grinding poverty and deep despair to worldwide acclaim as a physicist."--Bill Nye, CEO of The Planetary Society Navigating poverty, violence, and instability, a young James Plummer had two guiding stars--a genius IQ and a love of science. But a bookish nerd is a soft target, and James faced years of bullying and abuse. As he struggled to survive his childhood in some of the country's toughest urban neighborhoods in New Orleans, Houston, and LA, and later in the equally poor backwoods of Mississippi, he adopted the persona of "gangsta nerd"--dealing weed in juke joints while winning state science fairs with computer programs that model Einstein's theory of relativity.   Once admitted to the elite physics PhD program at Stanford University, James found himself pulled between the promise of a bright future and a dangerous crack cocaine habit he developed in college. With the encouragement of his mentor and the sole Black professor in the physics department, James confronted his personal demons as well as the entrenched racism and classism of the scientific establishment. When he finally seized his dream of a life in astrophysics, he adopted a new name, Hakeem Muata Oluseyi, to honor his African ancestors.   Alternately heartbreaking and hopeful, A Quantum Life narrates one man's remarkable quest across an ever-expanding universe filled with entanglement and choice.

This original and innovative textbook takes the unique perspective of introducing and solving problems in quantum mechanics using linear algebra methods, to equip readers with a deeper and more practical understanding of this fundamental pillar of contemporary physics. Extensive motivation for the properties of quantum mechanics, Hilbert space, and the Schrödinger equation is provided through analysis of the derivative, while standard topics like the harmonic oscillator, rotations, and the hydrogen atom are covered from within the context of operator methods. Advanced topics forming the basis of modern physics research are also included, such as the density matrix, entropy, and measures of entanglement. Written for an undergraduate audience, this book offers a unique and mathematically self-contained treatment of this hugely important topic. Students are guided gently through the text by the author's engaging writing style, with an extensive glossary provided for reference and numerous homework problems to expand and develop key concepts. Online resources for instructors include a fully worked solutions manual and lecture slides.

Processes at the nanoscale happen far away from the thermodynamic limit, far from equilibrium and are dominated by fluctuations and, perhaps, even quantum effects. This book establishes a consistent thermodynamic framework for such processes by combining tools from non-equilibrium statistical mechanics and the theory of open quantum systems. The book is accessible for graduate students and of interest to all researchers striving for a deeper understanding of the laws of thermodynamics beyond their traditional realm of applicability. It puts most emphasis on the microscopic derivation and understanding of key principles and concepts as well as their interrelation. The topics covered in this book include (quantum) stochastic processes, (quantum) master equations, local detailed balance, classical stochastic thermodynamics, (quantum) fluctuation theorems, strong coupling and non non-Markovian effects, thermodynamic uncertainty relations, operational approaches, Maxwell's demon and time-reversal symmetry, among other topics. Furthermore, the book treats a few applications in detail to illustrate the general theory and its potential for practical applications. These are single-molecule pulling experiments, quantum transport and thermoelectric effects in quantum dots, the micromaser and related set-ups in quantum optics.

According to Einstein "a physical theory should offer a picture of reality". This made him frustrated and dissatisfied with the standard interpretation (or lack thereof) of quantum theory, since attempts to get a "picture" from it soon led to contradictions like the wave-particle duality. This book provides such a picture of the quantum world, that is, a "realistic interpretation". Of course, this needs to be done in a way that is compatible with today's experimental evidence, including the experiments that seem to contradict (local) realism.The book also offers a personal view on the meaning of general relativity and its relation with quantum mechanics, proposing a new perspective for dark energy, dark matter and stellar collapse. It is the result and a summary of the author's extensive research on the foundations of quantum mechanics, spanning more than 50 years.

Concern for the environment and for the impacts of environmental pollution has brought about the need to shift from the reliance on hydrocarbons to energy sources that are nearly pollution neutral and renewable. The Science of Wind Power is designed to provide a fundamental understanding for wind technicians and students alike, essentially examining how to harness the wind to produce energy for transmission and use, while keeping environmental impacts in mind. Wind power is one of the fastest-growing energy sources, as it offers many advantages such as being sustainable and a renewable energy source that has a much smaller impact on the global environment compared to fossil fuels. It is important to point out, however, that like wind itself, wind power has a good and bad side, advantages, and disadvantages (challenges), and these different aspects are discussed in detail herein. Features: Examines the mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, and electronic aspects of wind turbines Provides the fundamentals of wind turbine aerodynamics, modeling, and testing Includes design standards for wind turbines and electrical distribution systems Delineates the differences between offshore and land-based wind power Discusses special-purpose applications, such as energy distribution and storage 　 A must-have volume that includes the latest data, diagrams, and useful illustrations, The Science of Wind Energy offers a complete examination of one of the most promising sources of renewable energy and serves as a great introduction to the cross-disciplinary field for students and practicing engineers. The concepts and guidelines presented will equip readers with the scientific rationale required to make decisions that could directly affect the environment around them.

Nanometre sized structures made of semiconductors, insulators, and metals and grown by modern growth technologies or by chemical synthesis exhibit novel electronic and optical phenomena due to the confinement of electrons and photons. Strong interactions between electrons and photons in narrow regions lead to inhibited spontaneous emission, thresholdless laser operation, and Bose-Einstein condensation of exciton-polaritons in microcavities. Generation of sub-wavelength radiation by surface plasmon-polaritons at metal-semiconductor interfaces, creation of photonic band gaps in dielectrics, and realization of nanometer sized semiconductor or insulator structures with negative permittivity and permeability, known as metamaterials, are further examples in the area of Nanophotonics. The studies help develop spasers and plasmonic nanolasers of subwavelength dimensions, paving the way to use plasmonics in future data centres and high-speed computers working at THz bandwidth with less than a few fJ/bit dissipation. The present book is aimed at graduate students and researchers providing them with an introductory textbook on Semiconductor Nanophotonics. It gives an introduction to electron-photon interactions in Quantum Wells, Wires, and Dots and then discusses the processes in microcavities, photonic band gap materials, metamaterials, and related applications. The phenomena and device applications under strong light-matter interactions are discussed, mostly by using classical and semi-classical theories. Numerous examples and problems accompany each chapter.

"A brief introduction to the physics of supernovae--explosions of dying stars that yield heavy chemical elements and spark the birth of new stars--and to past, present, and future research directions"-- Provided by publisher

This book introduces the vast subject of supersymmetry along with many specific examples of engineering applications, for example: The design of quantum unitary gates using supersymmetric actions Bosonic and Fermionic noise in quantum systems using the Hudson-Parthasarathy quantum stochastic calculus Superstring theory applied to the quantum mechanics of neurons and supersymmetric quantum filtering theory which can, for example, be used to filter out the noise in a cavity resonator electromagnetic field produced by the presence electrons and positrons in a bath surrounding it Simplified versions of super-Yang-Mills theory with gauge and gaugino fields, both transforming under the adjoint representation of the gauge group and elementary super-gravity models have also been introduced All through the book, emphasis is laid upon exploiting the supersymmetry existing in the nature of Boson-Fermion exchange in designing engineering systems like quantum computers and analyzing the performance of systems in the presence of supersymmetric quantum noise.

VIBROACOUSTIC SIMULATION Learn to master the full range of vibroacoustic simulation using both SEA and hybrid FEM/SEA methods Vibroacoustic simulation is the discipline of modelling and predicting the acoustic waves and vibration of particular objects, systems, or structures. This is done through finite element methods (FEM) or statistical energy analysis (SEA) to cover the full frequency range. In the mid-frequency range, both methods must be combined into a hybrid FEM/SEA approach. By doing so, engineers can model full frequency vibroacoustic simulations in complex technical systems used in aircraft, trains, cars, ships, and satellites. Indeed, hybrid approaches are increasingly used in the automotive, aerospace, and rail industries. Previously covered primarily in scientific journals, Vibroacoustic Simulation provides a practical approach that helps readers master the full frequency range of vibroacoustic simulation. Through a systematic approach, the book illustrates why both FEM and SEA are necessary in acoustic engineering and how both can be used in combination through hybrid methodologies. Striking a crucial balance between complex theories and practical applications, the text provides real-world examples of vibroacoustic simulation, such as fuselage simulation, interior-noise prediction for electric and combustion vehicles, train profiles, and more, to help elucidate the concepts described within. Vibroacoustic Simulation also features: A balance of complex theories with the nuts and bolts of real-world applications Detailed worked examples of junction equations Case studies from companies like Audi and Airbus that illustrate how the methods discussed have been applied in real-world projects A companion website that provides corresponding Python codes for all examples, allowing readers to work through the examples on their own Vibroacoustic Simulation is a useful reference for acoustic and mechanical engineers working in the automotive, aerospace, defense, or rail industries, as well as researchers and graduate students studying acoustics.

This is a concise introduction to modern astrophysics for physicists, with a focus on galaxy dynamics and the discovery of dark matter halos in galaxies. Part I summarizes important discoveries in observational astronomy and astrophysics, in a manner accessible to those who are new to the topic. Building on this foundation, Part II describes the study of dark matter and provides more detail on galactic dynamics. Important physical concepts that form the basis of key astrophysical phenomena are explained, avoiding unnecessary technicalities and complex derivations. The approach is semi-empirical and emphasizes the importance of key measurements and observations in formulating fundamental theoretical questions and developing their solutions. Students are encouraged to develop a deep understanding of major discoveries and contemporary research topics, beyond the simple application of practical models and formulae, as a bridge to more advanced study in astrophysics.

What we know about dark matter and what we have yet to discover Astronomical observations have confirmed dark matter's existence, but what exactly is dark matter? In What Is Dark Matter?, particle physicist Peter Fisher introduces readers to one of the most intriguing frontiers of physics. We cannot actually see dark matter, a mysterious, nonluminous form of matter that is believed to account for about 27 percent of the mass-energy balance in the universe. But we know dark matter is present by observing its ghostly gravitational effects on the behavior and evolution of galaxies. Fisher brings readers quickly up to speed regarding the current state of the dark matter problem, offering relevant historical context as well as a close look at the cutting-edge research focused on revealing dark matter's true nature. Could dark matter be a new type of particle--an axion or a Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP)--or something else? What have physicists ruled out so far--and why? What experimental searches are now underway and planned for the near future, in hopes of detecting dark matter on Earth or in space? Fisher explores these questions and more, illuminating what is known and unknown, and what a triumph it will be when scientists discover dark matter's identity at last.

From the Nobel Prize-winning physicist, a personal meditation on the quest for objective reality in natural science A century ago, thoughtful people questioned how reality could agree with physical theories that keep changing, from a mechanical model of the ether to electric and magnetic fields, and from homogeneous matter to electrons and atoms. Today, concepts like dark matter and dark energy further complicate and enrich the search for objective reality. The Whole Truth is a personal reflection on this ongoing quest by one of the world's most esteemed cosmologists. What lies at the heart of physical science? What are the foundational ideas that inform and guide the enterprise? Is the concept of objective reality meaningful? If so, do our established physical theories usefully approximate it? P. J. E. Peebles takes on these and other big questions about the nature of science, drawing on a lifetime of experience as a leading physicist and using cosmology as an example. He traces the history of thought about the nature of physical science since Einstein, and succinctly lays out the fundamental working assumptions. Through a careful examination of the general theory of relativity, Einstein's cosmological principle, and the theory of an expanding universe, Peebles shows the evidence that we are discovering the nature of reality in successive approximations through increasingly rigorous scrutiny. A landmark work, The Whole Truth is essential reading for anyone interested in the practice of science.

This book surveys some of the important research work carried out by Indian scientists in the field of pure and applied probability, quantum probability, quantum scattering theory, group representation theory and general relativity. It reviews the axiomatic foundations of probability theory by A.N. Kolmogorov and how the Indian school of probabilists and statisticians used this theory effectively to study a host of applied probability and statistics problems like parameter estimation, convergence of a sequence of probability distributions, and martingale characterization of diffusions. It will be an important resource to students and researchers of Physics and Engineering, especially those working with Advanced Probability and Statistics.

Advances in Mathematical Analysis and its Applications is designed as a reference text and explores several important aspects of recent developments in the interdisciplinary applications of mathematical analysis (MA), and highlights how MA is now being employed in many areas of scientific research. It discusses theory and problems in real and complex analysis, functional analysis, approximation theory, operator theory, analytic inequalities, the Radon transform, nonlinear analysis, and various applications of interdisciplinary research; some topics are also devoted to specific applications such as the three-body problem, finite element analysis in fluid mechanics, algorithms for difference of monotone operators, a vibrational approach to a financial problem, and more. Features: The book encompasses several contemporary topics in the field of mathematical analysis, their applications, and relevancies in other areas of research and study. It offers an understanding of research problems by presenting the necessary developments in reasonable details The book also discusses applications and uses of operator theory, fixed-point theory, inequalities, bi-univalent functions, functional equations, and scalar-objective programming, and presents various associated problems and ways to solve such problems Contains applications on wavelets analysis and COVID-19 to show that mathematical analysis has interdisciplinary as well as real life applications. The book is aimed primarily at advanced undergraduates and postgraduate students studying mathematical analysis and mathematics in general. Researchers will also find this book useful.

This book introduces algebraic number theory through the problem of generalizing 'unique prime factorization' from ordinary integers to more general domains. Solving polynomial equations in integers leads naturally to these domains, but unique prime factorization may be lost in the process. To restore it, we need Dedekind's concept of ideals. However, one still needs the supporting concepts of algebraic number field and algebraic integer, and the supporting theory of rings, vector spaces, and modules. It was left to Emmy Noether to encapsulate the properties of rings that make unique prime factorization possible, in what we now call Dedekind rings. The book develops the theory of these concepts, following their history, motivating each conceptual step by pointing to its origins, and focusing on the goal of unique prime factorization with a minimum of distraction or prerequisites. This makes a self-contained easy-to-read book, short enough for a one-semester course.

A mathematician reveals the hidden beauty, power, and--yes--fun of algebra   What comes to mind when you think about algebra? For many of us, it's memories of dull or frustrating classes in high school. Award-winning mathematics professor G. Arnell Williams is here to change that. Algebra the Beautiful is a journey into the heart of fundamental math that proves just how amazing this subject really is.   Drawing on lessons from twenty-five years of teaching mathematics, Williams blends metaphor, history, and storytelling to uncover algebra's hidden grandeur. Whether you're a teacher looking to make math come alive for your students, a parent hoping to get your children engaged, a student trying to come to terms with a sometimes bewildering subject, or just a lover of mathematics, this book has something for you. With a passion that's contagious, G. Arnell Williams shows how each of us can grasp the beauty and harmony of algebra.

This monograph is the first to present the theory of global attractors of Hamiltonian partial differential equations. A particular focus is placed on the results obtained in the last three decades, with chapters on the global attraction to stationary states, to solitons, and to stationary orbits. The text includes many physically relevant examples and will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in both mathematics and physics. The proofs involve novel applications of methods of harmonic analysis, including Tauberian theorems, Titchmarsh's convolution theorem, and the theory of quasimeasures. As well as the underlying theory, the authors discuss the results of numerical simulations and formulate open problems to prompt further research.

This Element explores the Bayesian approach to the logic and epistemology of scientific reasoning. Section 1 introduces the probability calculus as an appealing generalization of classical logic for uncertain reasoning. Section 2 explores some of the vast terrain of Bayesian epistemology. Three epistemological postulates suggested by Thomas Bayes in his seminal work guide the exploration. This section discusses modern developments and defenses of these postulates as well as some important criticisms and complications that lie in wait for the Bayesian epistemologist. Section 3 applies the formal tools and principles of the first two sections to a handful of topics in the epistemology of scientific reasoning: confirmation, explanatory reasoning, evidential diversity and robustness analysis, hypothesis competition, and Ockham's Razor.

The year's finest mathematical writing from around the world This annual anthology brings together the year's finest mathematics writing from around the world--and you don't need to be a mathematician to enjoy the pieces collected here. These essays--from leading names and fresh new voices--delve into the history, philosophy, teaching, and everyday aspects of math, offering surprising insights into its nature, meaning, and practice, and taking readers behind the scenes of today's hottest mathematical debates. Here, Viktor Blåsjö gives a brief history of "lockdown mathematics"; Yelda Nasifoglu decodes the politics of a seventeenth-century play in which the characters are geometric shapes; and Andrew Lewis-Pye explains the basic algorithmic rules and computational procedures behind cryptocurrencies. In other essays, Terence Tao candidly recalls the adventures and misadventures of growing up to become a leading mathematician; Natalie Wolchover shows how old math gives new clues about whether time really flows; and David Hand discusses the problem of "dark data"--information that is missing or ignored. And there is much, much more.

From cells in our bodies to measuring the universe, big numbers are everywhere We all know that numbers go on forever, that you could spend your life counting and never reach the end of the line, so there can't be such a thing as a 'biggest number'. Or can there? To find out, David Darling and Agnijo Banerjee embark on an epic quest, revealing the answers to questions like: are there more grains of sand on Earth or stars in the universe? Is there enough paper on Earth to write out the digits of a googolplex? And what is a googolplex? Then things get serious. Enter the strange realm between the finite and the infinite, and float through a universe where the rules we cling to no longer apply. Encounter the highest number computable and infinite kinds of infinity. At every turn, a cast of wild and wonderful characters threatens the status quo with their ideas, and each time the numbers get larger.

This book provides a general framework for doing geometric group theory for many non-locally-compact topological transformation groups that arise in mathematical practice, including homeomorphism and diffeomorphism groups of manifolds, isometry groups of separable metric spaces and automorphism groups of countable structures. Using Roe's framework of coarse structures and spaces, the author defines a natural coarse geometric structure on all topological groups. This structure is accessible to investigation, especially in the case of Polish groups, and often has an explicit description, generalising well-known structures in familiar cases including finitely generated discrete groups, compactly generated locally compact groups and Banach spaces. In most cases, the coarse geometric structure is metrisable and may even be refined to a canonical quasimetric structure on the group. The book contains many worked examples and sufficient introductory material to be accessible to beginning graduate students. An appendix outlines several open problems in this young and rich theory.

This book covers the topic of data science in a comprehensive manner and synthesizes both fundamental and advanced topics of a research area that has now reached its maturity. The book starts with the basic concepts of data science. It highlights the types of data and their use and importance, followed by a discussion on a wide range of applications of data science and widely used techniques in data science. Key Features * Provides an internationally respected collection of scientific research methods, technologies and applications in the area of data science. * Presents predictive outcomes by applying data science techniques to real-life applications. * Provides readers with the tools, techniques and cases required to excel with modern artificial intelligence methods. * Gives the reader a variety of intelligent applications that can be designed using data science and its allied fields. The book is aimed primarily at advanced undergraduates and graduates studying machine learning and data science. Researchers and professionals will also find this book useful.

A New York Times Book Review Editors' Choice "Wilkinson has accomplished something more moving and original, braiding his stumbling attempts to get better at math with his deepening awareness that there's an entire universe of understanding that will, in some fundamental sense, forever lie outside his reach." --Jennifer Szalai, The New York Times "There is almost no writer I admire as much as I do Alec Wilkinson. His work has enduring brilliance and humanity." --Susan Orlean, author of The Library Book A spirited, metaphysical exploration into math's deepest mysteries and conundrums at the crux of middle age. Decades after struggling to understand math as a boy, Alec Wilkinson decides to embark on a journey to learn it as a middle-aged man. What begins as a personal challenge--and it's challenging--soon transforms into something greater than a belabored effort to learn math. Despite his incompetence, Wilkinson encounters a universe of unexpected mysteries in his pursuit of mathematical knowledge and quickly becomes fascinated; soon, his exercise in personal growth (and torture) morphs into an intellectually expansive exploration. In A Divine Language, Wilkinson, a contributor to The New Yorker for over forty years, journeys into the heart of the divine aspect of mathematics--its mysteries, challenges, and revelations--since antiquity. As he submits himself to the lure of deep mathematics, he takes the reader through his investigations into the subject's big questions--number theory and the creation of numbers, the debate over math's human or otherworldly origins, problems and equations that remain unsolved after centuries, the conundrum of prime numbers. Writing with warm humor and sharp observation as he traverses practical math's endless frustrations and rewards, Wilkinson provides an awe-inspiring account of an adventure from a land of strange sights. Part memoir, part metaphysical travel book, and part journey in self-improvement, A Divine Language is one man's second attempt at understanding the numbers in front of him, and the world beyond.

A photographic exploration of mathematicians' chalkboards "A mathematician, like a painter or poet, is a maker of patterns," wrote the British mathematician G. H. Hardy. In Do Not Erase, photographer Jessica Wynne presents remarkable examples of this idea through images of mathematicians' chalkboards. While other fields have replaced chalkboards with whiteboards and digital presentations, mathematicians remain loyal to chalk for puzzling out their ideas and communicating their research. Wynne offers more than one hundred stunning photographs of these chalkboards, gathered from a diverse group of mathematicians around the world. The photographs are accompanied by essays from each mathematician, reflecting on their work and processes. Together, pictures and words provide an illuminating meditation on the unique relationships among mathematics, art, and creativity. The mathematicians featured in this collection comprise exciting new voices alongside established figures, including Sun-Yung Alice Chang, Alain Connes, Misha Gromov, Andre Neves, Kasso Okoudjou, Peter Shor, Christina Sormani, Terence Tao, Claire Voisin, and many others. The companion essays give insights into how the chalkboard serves as a special medium for mathematical expression. The volume also includes an introduction by the author, an afterword by New Yorker writer Alec Wilkinson, and biographical information for each contributor. Do Not Erase is a testament to the myriad ways that mathematicians use their chalkboards to reveal the conceptual and visual beauty of their discipline--shapes, figures, formulas, and conjectures created through imagination, argument, and speculation.

Dynamic Time Series Models using R-INLA: An Applied Perspective is the outcome of a joint effort to systematically describe the use of R-INLA for analysing time series and showcasing the code and description by several examples. This book introduces the underpinnings of R-INLA and the tools needed for modelling different types of time series using an approximate Bayesian framework. The book is an ideal reference for statisticians and scientists who work with time series data. It provides an excellent resource for teaching a course on Bayesian analysis using state space models for time series. Key Features: Introduction and overview of R-INLA for time series analysis. Gaussian and non-Gaussian state space models for time series. State space models for time series with exogenous predictors. Hierarchical models for a potentially large set of time series. Dynamic modelling of stochastic volatility and spatio-temporal dependence.

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Generalized Einstein Initial Data Sets -- 1.2 Ricci Flow and Parabolic Conjugation -- 1.3 Outline of These Lecture Notes -- 2 Geometric Preliminaries -- 2.1 Diffusion and Ricci Curvature -- 2.2 Einstein and Quasi-Einstein Metrics -- 2.3 Some Properties of the Space of Riemannian Metrics -- 3 Ricci Flow Background -- 3.1 Ricci Flow as a Dynamical System on mathcalMet(Σ) -- 3.2 Ricci Flow on Riemannian Manifolds with Density -- 3.3 Perelman's Entropy Generating Functional mathcalF -- 3.4 Non-collapsing Ricci Flow of Bounded Geometry -- 3.5 The Hodge-DeRham-Lichnerowicz Heat Operator -- 4 Ricci Flow Conjugation of Initial Data Sets -- 4.1 The Physical Rationale of Ricci Flow Conjugation -- 4.2 Motivations from Relativistic Cosmology -- 4.3 The Existence of an Interpolating Ricci Flow -- 4.4 Ricci Flow Conjugation Between Einstein Initial Data Sets -- 4.5 The Ricci Flow Evolution of the Einstein Constraints -- 4.6 Conjugated Mode Expansion -- 4.7 Averaging of Matter Initial Data Sets -- 4.8 The Dominant Energy Condition -- 4.9 Averaging the Second Fundamental form K -- 4.10 Heat Kernel Asymptotics of Ricci Flow Conjugated Data -- 4.11 mathcalF-Energy and Mode Stability of Ricci Flow Conjugation -- 5 Concluding Remarks -- 5.1 Projecting the Averaged Data on the Constraint Manifold -- Appendix References -- -- Index.

Presenting the basics of elliptic PDEs in connection with regularity theory, the book bridges fundamental breakthroughs - such as the Krylov-Safonov and Evans-Krylov results, Caffarelli's regularity theory, and the counterexamples due to Nadirashvili and Vlăduţ - and modern developments, including improved regularity for flat solutions and the partial regularity result. After presenting this general panorama, accounting for the subtleties surrounding C-viscosity and Lp-viscosity solutions, the book examines important models through approximation methods. The analysis continues with the asymptotic approach, based on the recession operator. After that, approximation techniques produce a regularity theory for the Isaacs equation, in Sobolev and Hölder spaces. Although the Isaacs operator lacks convexity, approximation methods are capable of producing Hölder continuity for the Hessian of the solutions by connecting the problem with a Bellman equation. To complete the book, degenerate models are studied and their optimal regularity is described.

This volume contains eight research papers inspired by the 2019 'Equivariant Topology and Derived Algebra' conference, held at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim in honour of Professor J. P. C. Greenlees' 60th birthday. These papers, written by experts in the field, are intended to introduce complex topics from equivariant topology and derived algebra while also presenting novel research. As such this book is suitable for new researchers in the area and provides an excellent reference for established researchers. The inter-connected topics of the volume include: algebraic models for rational equivariant spectra; dualities and fracture theorems in chromatic homotopy theory; duality and stratification in tensor triangulated geometry; Mackey functors, Tambara functors and connections to axiomatic representation theory; homotopy limits and monoidal Bousfield localization of model categories.

There is a growing awareness among researchers in the humanities and social sciences of the rhetorical force of mathematical discourse--whether in regard to gerrymandering, facial recognition technologies, or racial biases in algorithmic automation. This book proposes a novel way to engage with and understand mathematics via a theoretical framework that highlights how math transforms the social-material world. In this study, G. Mitchell Reyes applies contemporary rhetorical analysis to mathematical discourse, calling into question the commonly held view that math equals truth. Examining mathematics in historical context, Reyes traces its development from Plato's teaching about abstract numbers to Euclidian geometry and the emergence of calculus and infinitesimals, imaginary numbers, and algorithms. This history reveals that mathematical innovation has always relied on rhetorical practices of making meaning, such as analogy, metaphor, and invention. Far from expressing truth hidden deep in reality, mathematics is dynamic and evolving, shaping reality and our experience of it. By bringing mathematics back down to the material-social world, Reyes makes it possible for scholars of the rhetoric and sociology of science, technology, and math to collaborate with mathematicians themselves in order to better understand our material world and public culture.

Written to honor the 80th birthday of William Fulton, the articles collected in this volume (the second of a pair) present substantial contributions to algebraic geometry and related fields, with an emphasis on combinatorial algebraic geometry and intersection theory. Featured include commutative algebra, moduli spaces, quantum cohomology, representation theory, Schubert calculus, and toric and tropical geometry. The range of these contributions is a testament to the breadth and depth of Fulton's mathematical influence. The authors are all internationally recognized experts, and include well-established researchers as well as rising stars of a new generation of mathematicians. The text aims to stimulate progress and provide inspiration to graduate students and researchers in the field.

Statistics is more topical than ever. Numerous decisions depend on statistical considerations: just think of the Corona crisis or decisions about approving new drugs or other products. If researchers announce they have proved some fact using statistical tests, can we then always be sure that their claim is correct? How, and more importantly why, does statistics work? What can we expect from statistics and what not? 'Fact or Fluke?' is not a textbook that explains statistical tests to the reader; instead, it discusses what comes before those tests: the philosophy behind the statistics. Should one carry out tests, or are there other ways to look at statistics? Ronald Meester and Klaas Slooten use a variety of examples - from court cases to theoretical physics - to present different views on statistics and provide arguments for what they think is the best point of view. This book is meant for anyone who is in some way concerned with, or interested in, statistical evidence: scientific researchers, students, teachers, mathematicians, philosophers, lawyers, managers, and no doubt many others.

The fractional Sobolev spaces studied in the book were introduced in the 1950s by Aronszajn, Gagliardo and Slobodeckij in an attempt to fill the gaps between the classical Sobolev spaces. They provide a natural home for solutions of a vast, and rapidly growing, number of questions involving differential equations and non-local effects, ranging from financial modelling to ultra-relativistic quantum mechanics, emphasising the need to be familiar with their fundamental properties and associated techniques. Following an account of the most basic properties of the fractional spaces, two celebrated inequalities, those of Hardy and Rellich, are discussed, first in classical format (for which a survey of the very extensive known results is given), and then in fractional versions. This book will be an Ideal resource for researchers and graduate students working on differential operators and boundary value problems.

Elementary treatments of Markov chains, especially those devoted to discrete-time and finite state-space theory, leave the impression that everything is smooth and easy to understand. This exposition of the works of Kolmogorov, Feller, Chung, Kato, and other mathematical luminaries, which focuses on time-continuous chains but is not so far from being elementary itself, reminds us again that the impression is false: an infinite, but denumerable, state-space is where the fun begins. If you have not heard of Blackwell's example (in which all states are instantaneous), do not understand what the minimal process is, or do not know what happens after explosion, dive right in. But beware lest you are enchanted: 'There are more spells than your commonplace magicians ever dreamed of.'

String theory is a leading candidate for the unification of universal forces and matter, and one of its most striking predictions is the existence of small additional dimensions that have escaped detection so far. This book focuses on the geometry of these dimensions, beginning with the basics of the theory, the mathematical properties of spinors, and differential geometry. It further explores advanced techniques at the core of current research, such as G-structures and generalized complex geometry. Many significant classes of solutions to the theory's equations are studied in detail, from special holonomy and Sasaki-Einstein manifolds to their more recent generalizations involving fluxes for form fields. Various explicit examples are discussed, of interest to graduates and researchers.

Bayesian variable selection has experienced substantial developments over the past 30 years with the proliferation of large data sets. Identifying relevant variables to include in a model allows simpler interpretation, avoids overfitting and multicollinearity, and can provide insights into the mechanisms underlying an observed phenomenon. Variable selection is especially important when the number of potential predictors is substantially larger than the sample size and sparsity can reasonably be assumed. The Handbook of Bayesian Variable Selection provides a comprehensive review of theoretical, methodological and computational aspects of Bayesian methods for variable selection. The topics covered include spike-and-slab priors, continuous shrinkage priors, Bayes factors, Bayesian model averaging, partitioning methods, as well as variable selection in decision trees and edge selection in graphical models. The handbook targets graduate students and established researchers who seek to understand the latest developments in the field. It also provides a valuable reference for all interested in applying existing methods and/or pursuing methodological extensions. Features: Provides a comprehensive review of methods and applications of Bayesian variable selection. Divided into four parts: Spike-and-Slab Priors; Continuous Shrinkage Priors; Extensions to various Modeling; Other Approaches to Bayesian Variable Selection. Covers theoretical and methodological aspects, as well as worked out examples with R code provided in the online supplement. Includes contributions by experts in the field. Supported by a website with code, data, and other supplementary material

Harmonic Analysis is an important tool that plays a vital role in many areas of mathematics as well as applications. It studies functions by decomposing them into components that are special functions. A prime example is decomposing a periodic function into a linear combination of sines and cosines. The subject is vast, and this book covers only the selection of topics that was dealt with in the course given at the Courant Institute in 2000 and 2019. These include standard topics like Fourier series and Fourier transforms of functions, as well as issues of convergence of Abel, Feier, and Poisson sums. At a slightly more advanced level the book studies convolutions with singular integrals, fractional derivatives, Sobolev spaces, embedding theorems, Hardy spaces, and BMO. Applications to elliptic partial differential equations and prediction theory are explored. Some space is devoted to harmonic analysis on compact non-Abelian groups and their representations, including some details about two groups: the permutation group and SO(3).The text contains exercises at the end of most chapters and is suitable for advanced undergraduate students as well as first- or second-year graduate students specializing in the areas of analysis, PDE, probability or applied mathematics.

This completely revised and updated edition of the one variable part of the author's classic older book "Iteration Theory of Holomorphic Maps on Taut Manifolds" presents the theory of holomorphic dynamical systems on hyperbolic Riemann surfaces from the very beginning of the subject up to the most recent developments. It is intended both as a reference book for the experts and as an accessible gateway to this beautiful theory for Master and Ph.D. students. It also contains extensive historical notes and references for further readings.

This modern introduction to operator theory on spaces with indefinite inner product discusses the geometry and the spectral theory of linear operators on these spaces, the deep interplay with complex analysis, and applications to interpolation problems. The text covers the key results from the last four decades in a readable way with full proofs provided throughout. Step by step, the reader is guided through the intricate geometry and topology of spaces with indefinite inner product, before progressing to a presentation of the geometry and spectral theory on these spaces. The author carefully highlights where difficulties arise and what tools are available to overcome them. With generous background material included in the appendices, this text is an excellent resource for researchers in operator theory, functional analysis, and related areas as well as for graduate students.

Linear algebra provides the essential mathematical tools to tackle all the problems in Science. Introduction to Linear Algebra is primarily aimed at students in applied fields (e.g. Computer Science and Engineering), providing them with a concrete, rigorous approach to face and solve various types of problems for the applications of their interest. This book offers a straightforward introduction to linear algebra that requires a minimal mathematical background to read and engage with. Features Presented in a brief, informative and engaging style Suitable for a wide broad range of undergraduates Contains many worked examples and exercises

The complexity of large-scale data sets ("Big Data") has stimulated the development of advanced computational methods for analysing them. There are two different kinds of methods to aid this. The model-based method uses probability models and likelihood and Bayesian theory, while the model-free method does not require a probability model, likelihood or Bayesian theory. These two approaches are based on different philosophical principles of probability theory, espoused by the famous statisticians Ronald Fisher and Jerzy Neyman. Introduction to Statistical Modelling and Inference covers simple experimental and survey designs, and probability models up to and including generalised linear (regression) models and some extensions of these, including finite mixtures. A wide range of examples from different application fields are also discussed and analysed. No special software is used, beyond that needed for maximum likelihood analysis of generalised linear models. Students are expected to have a basic mathematical background in algebra, coordinate geometry and calculus. Features * Probability models are developed from the shape of the sample empirical cumulative distribution function (cdf) or a transformation of it. *  Bounds for the value of the population cumulative distribution function are obtained from the Beta distribution at each point of the empirical cdf. * Bayes's theorem is developed from the properties of the screening test for a rare condition. * The multinomial distribution provides an always-true model for any randomly sampled data. * The model-free bootstrap method for finding the precision of a sample estimate has a model-based parallel - the Bayesian bootstrap - based on the always-true multinomial distribution. * The Bayesian posterior distributions of model parameters can be obtained from the maximum likelihood analysis of the model. This book is aimed at students in a wide range of disciplines including Data Science. The book is based on the model-based theory, used widely by scientists in many fields, and compares it, in less detail, with the model-free theory, popular in computer science, machine learning and official survey analysis. The development of the model-based theory is accelerated by recent developments in Bayesian analysis.

INTRODUCTION TO THEORETICAL AND MATHEMATICAL FLUID DYNAMICS A practical treatment of mathematical fluid dynamics In Introduction to Theoretical and Mathematical Fluid Dynamics, distinguished researcher Dr. Bhimsen K. Shivamoggi delivers a comprehensive and insightful exploration of fluid dynamics from a mathematical point of view. The book introduces readers to the mathematical study of fluid behavior and highlights areas of active research in fluid dynamics. With coverage of advances in the field over the last 15 years, this book provides in-depth examinations of theoretical and mathematical fluid dynamics with a particular focus on incompressible and compressible fluid flows. Introduction to Theoretical and Mathematical Fluid Dynamics includes practical applications and exercises to illustrate the concepts discussed within, and real-world examples are explained throughout the text. Clear and explanatory material accompanies the rigorous mathematics, making the book perfect for students seeking to learn and retain this complex subject. The book also offers: A thorough introduction to the basic concepts and equations of fluid dynamics, including an introduction to the fluid model, the equations of fluid flows, and surface tension effects Comprehensive explorations of the dynamics of incompressible fluid flows, fluid kinematics and dynamics, the complex-variable method, and three-dimensional irrotational flows Detailed discussions of the dynamics of compressible fluid flows, including a review of thermodynamics, isentropic fluid flows, potential flows, and nonlinear theory of plane sound waves Systematic discussions of the dynamics of viscous fluid flows, including shear-layer flow, jet flow and wake flow. Ideal for graduate-level students taking courses on mathematical fluid dynamics as part of a program in mathematics, engineering, or physics, Introduction to Theoretical and Mathematical Fluid Dynamics is also an indispensable resource for practicing applied mathematicians, engineers, and physicists.

Graphs measure interactions between objects such as friendship links on Twitter, transactions between Bitcoin users, and the flow of energy in a food chain. While graphs statically represent interacting systems, they may also be used to model dynamic interactions. For example, imagine an invisible evader loose on a graph, leaving only behind breadcrumb clues to their whereabouts. You set out with pursuers of your own, seeking out the evader's location. Would you be able to detect their location? If so, then how many resources are needed for detection, and how fast can that happen? These basic-seeming questions point towards the broad conceptual framework of pursuit-evasion games played on graphs. Central to pursuit-evasion games on graphs is the idea of optimizing certain parameters, whether they are the cop number, burning number, or localization number, for example.This book would be excellent for a second course in graph theory at the undergraduate or graduate level. It surveys different areas in graph searching and highlights many fascinating topics intersecting classical graph theory, geometry, and combinatorial designs. Each chapter ends with approximately twenty exercises and five larger scale projects.

Mathematician and popular science author Eugenia Cheng is on a mission to show you that mathematics can be flexible, creative, and visual. This joyful journey through the world of abstract mathematics into category theory will demystify mathematical thought processes and help you develop your own thinking, with no formal mathematical background needed. The book brings abstract mathematical ideas down to earth using examples of social justice, current events, and everyday life - from privilege to COVID-19 to driving routes. The journey begins with the ideas and workings of abstract mathematics, after which you will gently climb toward more technical material, learning everything needed to understand category theory, and then key concepts in category theory like natural transformations, duality, and even a glimpse of ongoing research in higher-dimensional category theory. For fans of How to Bake Pi, this will help you dig deeper into mathematical concepts and build your mathematical background.

This book studies the large deviations for empirical measures and vector-valued additive functionals of Markov chains with general state space. Under suitable recurrence conditions, the ergodic theorem for additive functionals of a Markov chain asserts the almost sure convergence of the averages of a real or vector-valued function of the chain to the mean of the function with respect to the invariant distribution. In the case of empirical measures, the ergodic theorem states the almost sure convergence in a suitable sense to the invariant distribution. The large deviation theorems provide precise asymptotic estimates at logarithmic level of the probabilities of deviating from the preponderant behavior asserted by the ergodic theorems.

Automatic sequences are sequences over a finite alphabet generated by a finite-state machine. This book presents a novel viewpoint on automatic sequences, and more generally on combinatorics on words, by introducing a decision method through which many new results in combinatorics and number theory can be automatically proved or disproved with little or no human intervention. This approach to proving theorems is extremely powerful, allowing long and error-prone case-based arguments to be replaced by simple computations. Readers will learn how to phrase their desired results in first-order logic, using free software to automate the computation process. Results that normally require multipage proofs can emerge in milliseconds, allowing users to engage with mathematical questions that would otherwise be difficult to solve. With more than 150 exercises included, this text is an ideal resource for researchers, graduate students, and advanced undergraduates studying combinatorics, sequences, and number theory.

In many ways set theory lies at the heart of modern mathematics, and it does powerful work both philosophical and mathematical - as a foundation for the subject. However, certain philosophical problems raise serious doubts about our acceptance of the axioms of set theory. In a detailed and original reassessment of these axioms, Sharon Berry uses a potentialist (as opposed to actualist) approach to develop a unified determinate conception of set-theoretic truth that vindicates many of our intuitive expectations regarding set theory. Berry further defends her approach against a number of possible objections, and she shows how a notion of logical possibility that is useful in formulating Potentialist set theory connects in important ways with philosophy of language, metametaphysics and philosophy of science. Her book will appeal to readers with interests in the philosophy of set theory, modal logic, and the role of mathematics in the sciences.

The smartphones in our pockets and computers like brains. The vagaries of game theory and evolutionary biology. Nuclear weapons and self-replicating spacecrafts. All bear the fingerprints of one remarkable, yet largely overlooked, man: John von Neumann. Born in Budapest at the turn of the century, von Neumann is one of the most influential scientists to have ever lived. A child prodigy, he mastered calculus by the age of eight, and in high school made lasting contributions to mathematics. In Germany, where he helped lay the foundations of quantum mechanics, and later at Princeton, von Neumann's colleagues believed he had the fastest brain on the planet--bar none. He was instrumental in the Manhattan Project and the design of the atom bomb; he helped formulate the bedrock of Cold War geopolitics and modern economic theory; he created the first ever programmable digital computer; he prophesized the potential of nanotechnology; and, from his deathbed, he expounded on the limits of brains and computers--and how they might be overcome. Taking us on an astonishing journey, Ananyo Bhattacharya explores how a combination of genius and unique historical circumstance allowed a single man to sweep through a stunningly diverse array of fields, sparking revolutions wherever he went. The Man from the Future is an insightful and thrilling intellectual biography of the visionary thinker who shaped our century.

In recent years the development of new classification and regression algorithms based on deep learning has led to a revolution in the fields of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data analysis. The development of a theoretical foundation to guarantee the success of these algorithms constitutes one of the most active and exciting research topics in applied mathematics. This book presents the current mathematical understanding of deep learning methods from the point of view of the leading experts in the field. It serves both as a starting point for researchers and graduate students in computer science, mathematics, and statistics trying to get into the field and as an invaluable reference for future research.

For 80 years, mathematics has driven fundamental innovation in computing and communications. This timely book provides a panorama of some recent ideas in mathematics and how they will drive continued innovation in computing, communications and AI in the coming years. It provides a unique insight into how the new techniques that are being developed can be used to provide theoretical foundations for technological progress, just as mathematics was used in earlier times by Turing, von Neumann, Shannon and others. Edited by leading researchers in the field, chapters cover the application of new mathematics in computer architecture, software verification, quantum computing, compressed sensing, networking, Bayesian inference, machine learning, reinforcement learning and many other areas.

In the last decade, both scholars and practitioners have sought novel ways to address the problem of cybersecurity. Innovative outcomes have included applications such as blockchain as well as creative methods for cyber forensics, software development, and intrusion prevention. Accompanying these technological advancements, discussion on cyber matters at national and international levels has focused primarily on the topics of law, policy, and strategy. The objective of these efforts is typically to promote security by establishing agreements among stakeholders on regulatory activities. Varying levels of investment in cyberspace, however, comes with varying levels of risk; in some ways, this can translate directly to the degree of emphasis for pushing substantial change. At the very foundation or root of cyberspace systems and processes are tenets and rules governed by principles in mathematics. Topics such as encrypting or decrypting file transmissions, modeling networks, performing data analysis, quantifying uncertainty, measuring risk, and weighing decisions or adversarial courses of action represent a very small subset of activities highlighted by mathematics. To facilitate education and a greater awareness of the role of mathematics in cyber systems and processes, a description of research in this area is needed. Mathematics in Cyber Research aims to familiarize educators and young researchers with the breadth of mathematics in cyber-related research. Each chapter introduces a mathematical sub-field, describes relevant work in this field associated with the cyber domain, provides methods and tools, as well as details cyber research examples or case studies. Features One of the only books to bring together such a diverse and comprehensive range of topics within mathematics and apply them to cyber research. Suitable for college undergraduate students or educators that are either interested in learning about cyber-related mathematics or intend to perform research within the cyber domain. The book may also appeal to practitioners within the commercial or government industry sectors. Most national and international venues for collaboration and discussion on cyber matters have focused primarily on the topics of law, policy, strategy, and technology. This book is among the first to address the underpinning mathematics.

Modern Applied Regressions creates an intricate and colorful mural with mosaics of categorical and limited response variable (CLRV) models using both Bayesian and Frequentist approaches. Written for graduate students, junior researchers, and quantitative analysts in behavioral, health, and social sciences, this text provides details for doing Bayesian and frequentist data analysis of CLRV models. Each chapter can be read and studied separately with R coding snippets and template interpretation for easy replication. Along with the doing part, the text provides basic and accessible statistical theories behind these models and uses a narrative style to recount their origins and evolution. This book first scaffolds both Bayesian and frequentist paradigms for regression analysis, and then moves onto different types of categorical and limited response variable models, including binary, ordered, multinomial, count, and survival regression. Each of the middle four chapters discusses a major type of CLRV regression that subsumes an array of important variants and extensions. The discussion of all major types usually begins with the history and evolution of the prototypical model, followed by the formulation of basic statistical properties and an elaboration on the doing part of the model and its extension. The doing part typically includes R codes, results, and their interpretation. The last chapter discusses advanced modeling and predictive techniques--multilevel modeling, causal inference and propensity score analysis, and machine learning--that are largely built with the toolkits designed for the CLRV models previously covered. The online resources for this book, including R and Stan codes and supplementary notes, can be accessed at https://sites.google.com/site/socjunxu/home/statistics/modern-applied-regressions. 

This book is devoted to the multiplicative differential calculus. Its seven pedagogically organized chapters summarize the most recent contributions in this area, concluding with a section of practical problems to be assigned or for self-study. Two operations, differentiation and integration, are basic in calculus and analysis. In fact, they are the infinitesimal versions of the subtraction and addition operations on numbers, respectively. From 1967 till 1970, Michael Grossman and Robert Katz gave definitions of a new kind of derivative and integral, moving the roles of subtraction and addition to division and multiplication, and thus established a new calculus, called multiplicative calculus. It is also called an alternative or non-Newtonian calculus. Multiplicative calculus can especially be useful as a mathematical tool for economics, finance, biology, and engineering. Multiplicative Differential Calculus is written to be of interest to a wide audience of specialists such as mathematicians, physicists, engineers, and biologists. It is primarily a textbook at the senior undergraduate and beginning graduate level and may be used for a course on differential calculus. It is also for students studying engineering and science.   Authors Svetlin G. Georgiev is a mathematician who has worked in various areas of the study. He currently focuses on harmonic analysis, functional analysis, partial differential equations, ordinary differential equations, Clifford and quaternion analysis, integral equations, and dynamic calculus on time scales. He is also the author of Dynamic Geometry of Time Scales (CRC Press). He is a co-author of Conformable Dynamic Equations on Time Scales, with Douglas R. Anderson (CRC Press). Khaled Zennir earned his PhD in mathematics from Sidi Bel Abbès University, Algeria. He earned his highest diploma in Habilitation in Mathematics from Constantine University, Algeria. He is currently Assistant Professor at Qassim University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. His research interests lie in the subjects of nonlinear hyperbolic partial differential equations: global existence, blowup, and long-time behavior. The authors have also published: Multiple Fixed-Point Theorems and Applications in the Theory of ODEs, FDEs and PDE; Boundary Value Problems on Time Scales, Volume 1 and Volume II, all with CRC Press.

Differential and integral calculus, the most applicable mathematical theory, was created independently by Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz in the second half of the 17th century. Later, Leonard Euler redirected calculus by giving a central place to the concept of function, and thus founded analysis. Two operations, differentiation and integration, are basic in calculus and analysis. In fact, they are the infinitesimal versions of the subtraction and addition operations on numbers, respectively. From 1967 until 1970, Michael Grossman and Robert Katz gave definitions of a new kind of derivative and integral, moving the roles of subtraction and addition to division and multiplication, and thus established a new calculus, called multiplicative calculus. Multiplicative calculus can especially be useful as a mathematical tool for economics and finance.This book is devoted to multiplicative Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometry, summarizing the most recent contributions in this area. It will appeal to a wide audience of specialists such as mathematicians, physicists, engineers and biologists, and can be used as a textbook at the graduate level or as a reference book for several disciplines.

A meticulously researched history on the development of American mathematics in the three decades following World War I As the Roaring Twenties lurched into the Great Depression, to be followed by the scourge of Nazi Germany and World War II, American mathematicians pursued their research, positioned themselves collectively within American science, and rose to global mathematical hegemony. How did they do it? The New Era in American Mathematics, 1920-1950 explores the institutional, financial, social, and political forces that shaped and supported this community in the first half of the twentieth century. In doing so, Karen Hunger Parshall debunks the widely held view that American mathematics only thrived after European émigrés fled to the shores of the United States. Drawing from extensive archival and primary-source research, Parshall uncovers the key players in American mathematics who worked together to effect change and she looks at their research output over the course of three decades. She highlights the educational, professional, philanthropic, and governmental entities that bolstered progress. And she uncovers the strategies implemented by American mathematicians in their quest for the advancement of knowledge. Throughout, she considers how geopolitical circumstances shifted the course of the discipline. Examining how the American mathematical community asserted itself on the international stage, The New Era in American Mathematics, 1920-1950 shows the way one nation became the focal point for the field.

This concise monograph explores how core ideas in Hardy space function theory and operator theory continue to be useful and informative in new settings, leading to new insights for noncommutative multivariable operator theory. Beginning with a review of the confluence of system theory ideas and reproducing kernel techniques, the book then covers representations of backward-shift-invariant subspaces in the Hardy space as ranges of observability operators, and representations for forward-shift-invariant subspaces via a Beurling-Lax representer equal to the transfer function of the linear system. This pair of backward-shift-invariant and forward-shift-invariant subspace form a generalized orthogonal decomposition of the ambient Hardy space. All this leads to the de Branges-Rovnyak model theory and characteristic operator function for a Hilbert space contraction operator. The chapters that follow generalize the system theory and reproducing kernel techniques to enable an extension of the ideas above to weighted Bergman space multivariable settings.

Starting with the basics of Hamiltonian dynamics and canonical transformations, this text follows the historical development of the theory culminating in recent results: the Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser theorem, Nekhoroshev's theorem and superexponential stability. Its analytic approach allows students to learn about perturbation methods leading to advanced results. Key topics covered include Liouville's theorem, the proof of Poincaré's non-integrability theorem and the nonlinear dynamics in the neighbourhood of equilibria. The theorem of Kolmogorov on persistence of invariant tori and the theory of exponential stability of Nekhoroshev are proved via constructive algorithms based on the Lie series method. A final chapter is devoted to the discovery of chaos by Poincaré and its relations with integrability, also including recent results on superexponential stability. Written in an accessible, self-contained way with few prerequisites, this book can serve as an introductory text for senior undergraduate and graduate students.raduate and graduate students.raduate and graduate students.raduate and graduate students.

The Savilian Professorships in Geometry and Astronomy at Oxford University were founded in 1619 by Sir Henry Savile, distinguished scholar and Warden of Merton College. The Geometry chair, in particular, is the earliest University-based mathematics professorship in England, predating the firstCambridge equivalent by about sixty years.To celebrate the 400th anniversary of the founding of the geometry chair, a meeting was held at the Bodleian Library in Oxford, and the talks presented at this meeting have formed the basis for this fully edited and lavishly illustrated book, which outlines the first 400 years of Oxford's SavilianProfessors of Geometry.Starting with Henry Briggs, the co-inventor of logarithms, this volume proceeds via such figures as John Wallis, a founder member of the Royal Society, and Edmond Halley, via the 19th-century figures of Stephen Rigaud, Baden Powell, Henry Smith, and James Joseph Sylvester, to the 20th century andthe present day.Oxford's Savilian Professors of Geometry: The First 400 Years assumes no mathematical background, and should therefore appeal to the interested general reader with an interest in mathematics and the sciences. It should also be of interest to anyone interested in the history of mathematics or of thedevelopment of Oxford and its namesake university. To all of these audiences it offers portraits of mathematicians at work and an accessible exposition of historical mathematics in the context of its times.

A fascinating exploration of the pentagon and its role in various cultures The pentagon and its close cousin, the pentagram, have inspired individuals for the last two and half millennia, from mathematicians and philosophers to artists and naturalists. Despite the pentagon's wide-ranging history, no single book has explored the important role of this shape in various cultures, until now. Richly illustrated, Pentagons and Pentagrams offers a sweeping view of the five-sided polygon, revealing its intriguing geometric properties and its essential influence on a variety of fields. Traversing time, Eli Maor narrates vivid stories, both celebrated and unknown, about the pentagon and pentagram. He discusses the early Pythagoreans, who ascribed to the pentagon mythical attributes, adopted it as their emblem, and figured out its construction with a straightedge and compass. Maor looks at how a San Diego housewife uncovered four previously unknown types of pentagonal tilings, and how in 1982 a scientist's discovery of fivefold symmetries in certain alloys caused an uproar in crystallography and led to a Nobel Prize. Maor also discusses the pentagon's impact on many buildings, from medieval fortresses to the Pentagon in Washington, D.C. Eugen Jost's superb illustrations provide sumptuous visual context, and the book's puzzles and mazes offer fun challenges for readers, with solutions given in an appendix.

Point-counting results for sets in real Euclidean space have found remarkable applications to diophantine geometry, enabling significant progress on the André-Oort and Zilber-Pink conjectures. The results combine ideas close to transcendence theory with the strong tameness properties of sets that are definable in an o-minimal structure, and thus the material treated connects ideas in model theory, transcendence theory, and arithmetic. This book describes the counting results and their applications along with their model-theoretic and transcendence connections. Core results are presented in detail to demonstrate the flexibility of the method, while wider developments are described in order to illustrate the breadth of the diophantine conjectures and to highlight key arithmetical ingredients. The underlying ideas are elementary and most of the book can be read with only a basic familiarity with number theory and complex algebraic geometry. It serves as an introduction for postgraduate students and researchers to the main ideas, results, problems, and themes of current research in this area.

Spaces of homogeneous type were introduced as a generalization to the Euclidean space and serve as a suffi cient setting in which one can generalize the classical isotropic Harmonic analysis and function space theory. This setting is sometimes too general, and the theory is limited. Here, we present a set of fl exible ellipsoid covers of ℝn that replace the Euclidean balls and support a generalization of the theory with fewer limitations.

Working out solutions to polynomial equations is a mathematical problem that dates from antiquity. Galois developed a theory in which the obstacle to solving a polynomial equation is an associated collection of symmetries. Obtaining a root requires "breaking" that symmetry. When the degree of an equation is at least five, Galois Theory established that there is no formula for the solutions like those found in lower degree cases. However, this negative result doesn't mean that the practice of equation-solving ends. In a recent breakthrough, Doyle and McMullen devised a solution to the fifth-degree equation that uses geometry, algebra, and dynamics to exploit icosahedral symmetry. Polynomials, Dynamics, and Choice: The Price We Pay for Symmetry is organized in two parts, the first of which develops an account of polynomial symmetry that relies on considerations of algebra and geometry. The second explores beyond polynomials to spaces consisting of choices ranging from mundane decisions to evolutionary algorithms that search for optimal outcomes. The two algorithms in Part I provide frameworks that capture structural issues that can arise in deliberative settings. While decision-making has been approached in mathematical terms, the novelty here is in the use of equation-solving algorithms to illuminate such problems. Features Treats the topic--familiar to many--of solving polynomial equations in a way that's dramatically different from what they saw in school Accessible to a general audience with limited mathematical background Abundant diagrams and graphics.

Practical Mathematical Cryptography provides a clear and accessible introduction to practical mathematical cryptography. Cryptography, both as a science and as practice, lies at the intersection of mathematics and the science of computation, and the presentation emphasises the essential mathematical nature of the computations and arguments involved in cryptography. Cryptography is also a practical science, and the book shows how modern cryptography solves important practical problems in the real world, developing the theory and practice of cryptography from the basics to secure messaging and voting. The presentation provides a unified and consistent treatment of the most important cryptographic topics, from the initial design and analysis of basic cryptographic schemes towards applications. Features Builds from theory toward practical applications Suitable as the main text for a mathematical cryptography course Focus on secure messaging and voting systems.

A start-to-finish guide to one of the most useful programming languages for researchers in a variety of fields In the newly revised Third Edition of The R Book, a team of distinguished teachers and researchers delivers a user-friendly and comprehensive discussion of foundational and advanced topics in the R software language, which is used widely in science, engineering, medicine, economics, and other fields. The book is designed to be used as both a complete text--readable from cover to cover--and as a reference manual for practitioners seeking authoritative guidance on particular topics. This latest edition offers instruction on the use of the RStudio GUI, an easy-to-use environment for those new to R. It provides readers with a complete walkthrough of the R language, beginning at a point that assumes no prior knowledge of R and very little previous knowledge of statistics. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to fundamental concepts in statistics and step-by-step roadmaps to their implementation in R; Comprehensive explorations of worked examples in R; A complementary companion website with downloadable datasets that are used in the book; In-depth examination of essential R packages. Perfect for undergraduate and postgraduate students of science, engineering, medicine economics, and geography, The R Book will also earn a place in the libraries of social sciences professionals.

Perfection is a fiction. In cooking we demand minute traces of herbs and spices to add flavour. All technologies are similar since only when we add impurities do the materials meet our needs. This is true for everything from making Stone Age tools to semiconductors, steel, glass optical fibres etc. In chemistry, impurities can speed up reactions (catalysis), in biology we call them enzymes. Without imperfections there would be neither evolution nor personal individuality. With understanding we have exploited imperfections to our advantage and enjoy technological benefits. When we fail to recognize our own faults, we revert to human failings of oppression, warfare, ill health and destruction of the planet. No previous science is required as the concepts are basically simple. Nevertheless, the book gives deep and useful insights into what is possible in technology. Recognizing and addressing human imperfections is far harder, but absolutely essential or we will destroy ourselves.

Traces the revolution in statistics that gave rise to artificial intelligence and predictive algorithms refiguring contemporary capitalism. Our finances, politics, media, opportunities, information, shopping and knowledge production are mediated through algorithms and their statistical approaches to knowledge; increasingly, these methods form the organizational backbone of contemporary capitalism. Revolutionary Mathematics traces the revolution in statistics and probability that has quietly underwritten the explosion of machine learning, big data and predictive algorithms that now decide many aspects of our lives. Exploring shifts in the philosophical understanding of probability in the late twentieth century, Joque shows how this was not merely a technical change but a wholesale philosophical transformation in the production of knowledge and the extraction of value. This book provides a new and unique perspective on the dangers of allowing artificial intelligence and big data to manage society. It is essential reading for those who want to understand the underlying ideological and philosophical changes that have fueled the rise of algorithms and convinced so many to blindly trust their outputs, reshaping our current political and economic situation.

Understanding the behavior of basic sampling techniques and intrinsic geometric attributes of data is an invaluable skill that is in high demand for both graduate students and researchers in mathematics, machine learning, and theoretical computer science. The last ten years have seen significant progress in this area, with many open problems having been resolved during this time. These include optimal lower bounds for epsilon-nets for many geometric set systems, the use of shallow-cell complexity to unify proofs, simpler and more efficient algorithms, and the use of epsilon-approximations for construction of coresets, to name a few.This book presents a thorough treatment of these probabilistic, combinatorial, and geometric methods, as well as their combinatorial and algorithmic applications. It also revisits classical results, but with new and more elegant proofs.While mathematical maturity will certainly help in appreciating the ideas presented here, only a basic familiarity with discrete mathematics, probability, and combinatorics is required to understand the material.

The Secret Lives of Numbers takes readers on a journey through integers, considering their numerological assignments as well as their significance beyond mathematics and in the realm of popular culture

Part of The SAGE Quantitative Research Kit, this concise text breaks down the complex topic of inferential statistics with accessible language and detailed examples. Covering a range of topics, it provides you with the know-how and confidence needed for a successful quantitative research journey.

This book is intended to serve as a bridge in statistics for graduates and business practitioners interested in using their skills in the area of data science and analytics as well as statistical analysis in general. On the one hand, the book is intended to be a refresher for readers who have taken some courses in statistics, but who have not necessarily used it in their day-to-day work. On the other hand, the material can be suitable for readers interested in the subject as a first encounter with statistical work in Python. Statistics and Data Visualisation with Python aims to build statistical knowledge from the ground up by enabling the reader to understand the ideas behind inferential statistics and begin to formulate hypotheses that form the foundations for the applications and algorithms in statistical analysis, business analytics, machine learning, and applied machine learning. This book begins with the basics of programming in Python and data analysis, to help construct a solid basis in statistical methods and hypothesis testing, which are useful in many modern applications.

Stochastic Modeling: A Thorough Guide to Evaluate, Pre-Process, Model and Compare Time Series with MATLAB Software allows for new avenues in time series analysis and predictive modeling which summarize more than ten years of experience in the application of stochastic models in environmental problems. The book introduces a variety of different topics in time series in the modeling and prediction of complex environmental systems. Most importantly, all codes are user-friendly and readers will be able to use them for their cases. Users who may not be familiar with MATLAB software can also refer to the appendix. This book also guides the reader step-by-step to learn developed codes for time series modeling, provides required toolboxes, explains concepts, and applies different tools for different types of environmental time series problems. Provides video tutorials on the use of codes Includes a companion site with 3,000 lines of programming, 70 principal codes and 100 pseudo codes Highlights multiple methods to Illustrate each problem

How the concept of proof has enabled the creation of mathematical knowledge The Story of Proof investigates the evolution of the concept of proof--one of the most significant and defining features of mathematical thought--through critical episodes in its history. From the Pythagorean theorem to modern times, and across all major mathematical disciplines, John Stillwell demonstrates that proof is a mathematically vital concept, inspiring innovation and playing a critical role in generating knowledge. Stillwell begins with Euclid and his influence on the development of geometry and its methods of proof, followed by algebra, which began as a self-contained discipline but later came to rival geometry in its mathematical impact. In particular, the infinite processes of calculus were at first viewed as "infinitesimal algebra," and calculus became an arena for algebraic, computational proofs rather than axiomatic proofs in the style of Euclid. Stillwell proceeds to the areas of number theory, non-Euclidean geometry, topology, and logic, and peers into the deep chasm between natural number arithmetic and the real numbers. In its depths, Cantor, Gödel, Turing, and others found that the concept of proof is ultimately part of arithmetic. This startling fact imposes fundamental limits on what theorems can be proved and what problems can be solved. Shedding light on the workings of mathematics at its most fundamental levels, The Story of Proof offers a compelling new perspective on the field's power and progress.

How the concept of proof has enabled the creation of mathematical knowledge The Story of Proof investigates the evolution of the concept of proof--one of the most significant and defining features of mathematical thought--through critical episodes in its history. From the Pythagorean theorem to modern times, and across all major mathematical disciplines, John Stillwell demonstrates that proof is a mathematically vital concept, inspiring innovation and playing a critical role in generating knowledge. Stillwell begins with Euclid and his influence on the development of geometry and its methods of proof, followed by algebra, which began as a self-contained discipline but later came to rival geometry in its mathematical impact. In particular, the infinite processes of calculus were at first viewed as "infinitesimal algebra," and calculus became an arena for algebraic, computational proofs rather than axiomatic proofs in the style of Euclid. Stillwell proceeds to the areas of number theory, non-Euclidean geometry, topology, and logic, and peers into the deep chasm between natural number arithmetic and the real numbers. In its depths, Cantor, Gödel, Turing, and others found that the concept of proof is ultimately part of arithmetic. This startling fact imposes fundamental limits on what theorems can be proved and what problems can be solved. Shedding light on the workings of mathematics at its most fundamental levels, The Story of Proof offers a compelling new perspective on the field's power and progress.

Strongly regular graphs lie at the intersection of statistical design, group theory, finite geometry, information and coding theory, and extremal combinatorics. This monograph collects all the major known results together for the first time in book form, creating an invaluable text that researchers in algebraic combinatorics and related areas will refer to for years to come. The book covers the theory of strongly regular graphs, polar graphs, rank 3 graphs associated to buildings and Fischer groups, cyclotomic graphs, two-weight codes and graphs related to combinatorial configurations such as Latin squares, quasi-symmetric designs and spherical designs. It gives the complete classification of rank 3 graphs, including some new constructions. More than 100 graphs are treated individually. Some unified and streamlined proofs are featured, along with original material including a new approach to the (affine) half spin graphs of rank 5 hyperbolic polar spaces.

Is there a secret formula for getting rich? For going viral? For deciding how long to stick with your current job, Netflix series, or even relationship? This book is all about the equations that make our world go round. Ten of them, in fact. They are integral to everything from investment banking to betting companies and social media giants. And they can help you to increase your chance of success, guard against financial loss, live more healthfully, and see through scaremongering. They are known by only the privileged few - until now. With wit and clarity, mathematician David Sumpter shows that it isn't the technical details that make these formulas so successful. It is the way they allow mathematicians to view problems from a different angle - a way of seeing the world that anyone can learn. Empowering and illuminating, The Ten Equations shows how math really can change your life.

The continued and dramatic rise in the size of data sets has meant that new methods are required to model and analyze them. This timely account introduces topological data analysis (TDA), a method for modeling data by geometric objects, namely graphs and their higher-dimensional versions: simplicial complexes. The authors outline the necessary background material on topology and data philosophy for newcomers, while more complex concepts are highlighted for advanced learners. The book covers all the main TDA techniques, including persistent homology, cohomology, and Mapper. The final section focuses on the diverse applications of TDA, examining a number of case studies drawn from monitoring the progression of infectious diseases to the study of motion capture data. Mathematicians moving into data science, as well as data scientists or computer scientists seeking to understand this new area, will appreciate this self-contained resource which explains the underlying technology and how it can be used.

The leveraging of artificial intelligence (AI) for model discovery in dynamical systems is cross-fertilizing and revolutionizing both disciplines, heralding a new era of data-driven science. This book is placed at the forefront of this endeavor, taking model discovery to the next level. Dealing with artificial intelligence, this book delineates AI's role in model discovery for dynamical systems. With the implementation of topological methods to construct metamodels, it engages with levels of complexity and multiscale hierarchies hitherto considered off limits for data science. Key Features: Introduces new and advanced methods of model discovery for time series data using artificial intelligence Implements topological approaches to distill "machine-intuitive" models from complex dynamics data Introduces a new paradigm for a parsimonious model of a dynamical system without resorting to differential equations Heralds a new era in data-driven science and engineering based on the operational concept of "computational intuition" Intended for graduate students, researchers, and practitioners interested in dynamical systems empowered by AI or machine learning and in their biological, engineering, and biomedical applications, this book will represent a significant educational resource for people engaged in AI-related cross-disciplinary projects.

Tree-based Methods for Statistical Learning in R provides a thorough introduction to both individual decision tree algorithms (Part I) and ensembles thereof (Part II). Part I of the book brings several different tree algorithms into focus, both conventional and contemporary. Building a strong foundation for how individual decision trees work will help readers better understand tree-based ensembles at a deeper level, which lie at the cutting edge of modern statistical and machine learning methodology. The book follows up most ideas and mathematical concepts with code-based examples in the R statistical language; with an emphasis on using as few external packages as possible. For example, users will be exposed to writing their own random forest and gradient tree boosting functions using simple for loops and basic tree fitting software (like rpart and party/partykit), and more. The core chapters also end with a detailed section on relevant software in both R and other opensource alternatives (e.g., Python, Spark, and Julia), and example usage on real data sets. While the book mostly uses R, it is meant to be equally accessible and useful to non-R programmers. Consumers of this book will have gained a solid foundation (and appreciation) for tree-based methods and how they can be used to solve practical problems and challenges data scientists often face in applied work. Features: Thorough coverage, from the ground up, of tree-based methods (e.g., CART, conditional inference trees, bagging, boosting, and random forests). A companion website containing additional supplementary material and the code to reproduce every example and figure in the book. A companion R package, called treemisc, which contains several data sets and functions used throughout the book (e.g., there's an implementation of gradient tree boosting with LAD loss that shows how to perform the line search step by updating the terminal node estimates of a fitted rpart tree). Interesting examples that are of practical use; for example, how to construct partial dependence plots from a fitted model in Spark MLlib (using only Spark operations), or post-processing tree ensembles via the LASSO to reduce the number of trees while maintaining, or even improving performance.

In the middle of the last century, after hearing a talk of Mostow on one of his rigidity theorems, Borel conjectured in a letter to Serre a purely topological version of rigidity for aspherical manifolds (i.e. manifolds with contractible universal covers). The Borel conjecture is now one of the central problems of topology with many implications for manifolds that need not be aspherical. Since then, the theory of rigidity has vastly expanded in both precision and scope. This book rethinks the implications of accepting his heuristic as a source of ideas. Doing so leads to many variants of the original conjecture - some true, some false, and some that remain conjectural. The author explores this collection of ideas, following them where they lead whether into rigidity theory in its differential geometric and representation theoretic forms, or geometric group theory, metric geometry, global analysis, algebraic geometry, K-theory, or controlled topology.

Advanced Fiber Access Networks takes a holistic view of broadband access networks--from architecture to network technologies and network economies. The book reviews pain points and challenges that broadband service providers face (such as network construction, fiber cable efficiency, transmission challenges, network scalability, etc.) and how these challenges are tackled by new fiber access transmission technologies, protocols and architecture innovations. Chapters cover fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) applications as well as fiber backhauls in other access networks such as 5G wireless and hybrid-fiber-coax (HFC) networks.  In addition, it covers the network economy, challenges in fiber network construction and deployment, and more. Finally, the book examines scaling issues and bottlenecks in an end-to-end broadband network, from Internet backbones to inside customer homes, something rarely covered in books. Provides the latest information on end-to-end broadband access networks, from architecture to network technologies and network economies

Advanced Methods and Deep Learning in Computer Vision presents advanced computer vision methods, emphasizing machine and deep learning techniques that have emerged during the past 5-10 years. The book provides clear explanations of principles and algorithms supported with applications. Topics covered include machine learning, deep learning networks, generative adversarial networks, deep reinforcement learning, self-supervised learning, extraction of robust features, object detection, semantic segmentation, linguistic descriptions of images, visual search, visual tracking, 3D shape retrieval, image inpainting, novelty and anomaly detection. This book provides easy learning for researchers and practitioners of advanced computer vision methods, but it is also suitable as a textbook for a second course on computer vision and deep learning for advanced undergraduates and graduate students. Provides an important reference on deep learning and advanced computer methods that was created by leaders in the field Illustrates principles with modern, real-world applications Suitable for self-learning or as a text for graduate courses

An accessible explanation of the technologies that enable such popular voice-interactive applications as Alexa, Siri, and Google Assistant.

AI Assurance: Towards Trustworthy, Explainable, Safe, and Ethical AI provides readers with solutions and a foundational understanding of the methods that can be applied to test AI systems and provide assurance. Anyone developing software systems with intelligence, building learning algorithms, or deploying AI to a domain-specific problem (such as allocating cyber breaches, analyzing causation at a smart farm, reducing readmissions at a hospital, ensuring soldiers' safety in the battlefield, or predicting exports of one country to another) will benefit from the methods presented in this book. As AI assurance is now a major piece in AI and engineering research, this book will serve as a guide for researchers, scientists and students in their studies and experimentation. Moreover, as AI is being increasingly discussed and utilized at government and policymaking venues, the assurance of AI systems--as presented in this book--is at the nexus of such debates. Provides readers with an in-depth understanding of how to develop and apply Artificial Intelligence in a valid, explainable, fair and ethical manner Includes various AI methods, including Deep Learning, Machine Learning, Reinforcement Learning, Computer Vision, Agent-Based Systems, Natural Language Processing, Text Mining, Predictive Analytics, Prescriptive Analytics, Knowledge-Based Systems, and Evolutionary Algorithms Presents techniques for efficient and secure development of intelligent systems in a variety of domains, such as healthcare, cybersecurity, government, energy, education, and more Covers complete example datasets that are associated with the methods and algorithms developed in the book

Provides a clear and concise overview of how AI is used in game development Gives a brief overview of the history of AI in games Considers the different models, techniques and algorithms that are used in creating game AI

"Amidst the rampant use of algorithmization enabled by AI, the common theme of AI systems is the human factor. Humans play an essential role in designing, developing, and operationalizing AI systems. We have a remit to warrant those systems run transparently, perform equitably, value our privacy, and effectively fulfill human needs. This book takes an interdisciplinary approach to contribute to the ongoing development of human-AI interaction with a particular focus on the "human" dimension and provides insights to improve the design of AI that could be genuinely beneficial and effectively used in society. The readers of this book will benefit by gaining insights into various perspectives about how AI has impacted people and society and how it will do so in future, and understanding how we can design algorithm systems that are beneficial, legitimate, usable by humans, and designed considering and respecting human values. This book provides a horizontal set of guidelines and insight into how humans can be empowered by making choices about AI designs that allow them meaningful control over AI. Designing meaningful AI experiences has garnered great attention to address responsibility gaps and mitigate them by establishing conditions that enable the proper attribution of responsibility to humans. This book helps us understand the possibilities of what AI systems can do and how they can and should be integrated into our society"--

This volume presents new research in artificial intelligence (AI) and Law with special reference to criminal justice. It brings together leading international experts including computer scientists, lawyers, judges and cyber-psychologists. The book examines some of the core problems that technology raises for criminal law ranging from privacy and data protection, to cyber-warfare, through to the theft of virtual property. Focusing on the West and China, the work considers the issue of AI and the Law in a comparative context presenting the research from a cross-jurisdictional and cross-disciplinary approach. As China becomes a global leader in AI and technology, the book provides an essential in-depth understanding of domestic laws in both Western jurisdictions and China on criminal liability for cybercrime. As such, it will be a valuable resource for academics and researchers working in the areas of AI, technology and criminal justice.

A hands-on roadmap to using Python for artificial intelligence programming In Practical Artificial Intelligence Programming with Python: From Zero to Hero, veteran educator and photophysicist Dr. Perry Xiao delivers a thorough introduction to one of the most exciting areas of computer science in modern history. The book demystifies artificial intelligence and teaches readers its fundamentals from scratch in simple and plain language and with illustrative code examples. Divided into three parts, the author explains artificial intelligence generally, machine learning, and deep learning. It tackles a wide variety of useful topics, from classification and regression in machine learning to generative adversarial networks. He also includes: Fulsome introductions to MATLAB, Python, AI, machine learning, and deep learning Expansive discussions on supervised and unsupervised machine learning, as well as semi-supervised learning Practical AI and Python "cheat sheet" quick references This hands-on AI programming guide is perfect for anyone with a basic knowledge of programming--including familiarity with variables, arrays, loops, if-else statements, and file input and output--who seeks to understand foundational concepts in AI and AI development.

Artificial Neural Networks for Renewable Energy Systems and Real-World Applications presents current trends for the solution of complex engineering problems in the application, modeling, analysis, and optimization of different energy systems and manufacturing processes. With growing research catering to the applications of neural networks in specific industrial applications, this reference provides a single resource catering to a broader perspective of ANN in renewable energy systems and manufacturing processes. ANN-based methods have attracted the attention of scientists and researchers in different engineering and industrial disciplines, making this book a useful reference for all researchers and engineers interested in artificial networks, renewable energy systems, and manufacturing process analysis. Includes illustrative examples on the design and development of ANNS for renewable and manufacturing applications Features computer-aided simulations presented as algorithms, pseudocodes and flowcharts Covers ANN theory for easy reference in subsequent technology specific sections

This title represents a substantial and purposeful effort to move the academic discussion beyond the trolley problem to the broader ethical, legal, and social implications that autonomous vehicles present. There are still urgent questions waiting to be addressed, for example: how AVs might interact with human drivers in mixed or 'hybrid' traffic environments; how AVs might reshape our urban landscapes; what unique security or privacy concerns are raised by AVs as connected devices in the 'Internet of Things'; how the benefits and burdens of this new technology, including mobility, traffic congestion, and pollution, will be distributed throughout society; and more.

Discover the foundations of software engineering with this easy and intuitive guide In the newly updated second edition of Beginning Software Engineering, expert programmer and tech educator Rod Stephens delivers an instructive and intuitive introduction to the fundamentals of software engineering. In the book, you'll learn to create well-constructed software applications that meet the needs of users while developing the practical, hands-on skills needed to build robust, efficient, and reliable software. The author skips the unnecessary jargon and sticks to simple and straightforward English to help you understand the concepts and ideas discussed within. He also offers you real-world tested methods you can apply to any programming language. You'll also get: Practical tips for preparing for programming job interviews, which often include questions about software engineering practices A no-nonsense guide to requirements gathering, system modeling, design, implementation, testing, and debugging Brand-new coverage of user interface design, algorithms, and programming language choices Beginning Software Engineering doesn't assume any experience with programming, development, or management. It's plentiful figures and graphics help to explain the foundational concepts and every chapter offers several case examples, Try It Out, and How It Works explanatory sections. For anyone interested in a new career in software development, or simply curious about the software engineering process, Beginning Software Engineering, Second Edition is the handbook you've been waiting for.

The book aims to showcase the basics of both IoT and Blockchain for beginners as well as their integration and challenge discussions for existing practitioner. It aims to develop understanding of the role of blockchain in fostering security. The objective of this book is to initiate conversations among technologists, engineers, scientists, and clinicians to synergize their efforts in producing low-cost, high-performance, highly efficient, deployable IoT systems. It presents a stepwise discussion, exhaustive literature survey, rigorous experimental analysis and discussions to demonstrate the usage of blockchain technology for securing communications. The book evaluates, investigate, analyze and outline a set of security challenges that needs to be addressed in the near future. The book is designed to be the first reference choice at research and development centers, academic institutions, university libraries and any institutions interested in exploring blockchain. UG/PG students, PhD Scholars of this fields, industry technologists, young entrepreneurs and researchers working in the field of blockchain technology are the primary audience of this book.

To achieve fossil fuel independence, few technologies are more important than batteries. Used for powering zero-emission vehicles, storing electricity from solar panels and wind turbines, and revitalizing the electric grid, batteries are essential to scaling up the renewable energy resources that help address global warming. But given the unique environmental impact of batteries--including mining, disposal, and more--does a clean energy transition risk trading one set of problems for another? In Charged, James Morton Turner unpacks the history of batteries to explore why solving "the battery problem" is critical to a clean energy transition. As climate activists focus on what a clean energy future will create--sustainability, resiliency, and climate justice--the history of batteries offers a sharp reminder of what building that future will consume: lithium, graphite, nickel, and other specialized materials. With new insight on the consequences for people and communities on the frontlines, Turner draws on the past for crucial lessons that will help us build a just and clean energy future, from the ground up.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the most disruptive technologies, enabling ubiquitous and pervasive computing scenarios. IoT is based on intelligent self-configuring nodes (also known as things) interconnected in a dynamic and global collaborative network infrastructure. In contrast, Cloud computing has virtually unlimited capabilities in terms of storage and processing power, speed, and is a more mature technology. Due to intrinsic nature of Cloud computing and IoT, they both complement each other. Recently, we are witnessing an increasing trend in exploiting use of both Cloud and IoT together. Salient Features: * Presents latest developments in Cloud computing * Presents latest developments in Internet of Things * Establishes links between interdisciplinary areas where IoT and Cloud both can play a role for improvement of process * Intends to provide an insight into non-IT related models for improvement of lives * Bridges the gap between obsolete literature and current literature This book is aimed primarily at advanced undergraduates and graduates working with IoT and cloud computing. Researchers, academicians, policy makers, government officials, NGOs, and industry research professionals would also find the book useful.

Comprehensive Guide to Heterogeneous Networks discusses the fundamental motivations behind this cutting-edge development, along with a brief discussion on the diverse definitions of HNs. The future of heterogeneous wireless networks (HWNs) is covered, including test cases, cost configuration, economic benefits and basic challenges. Other sections cover the topology management method in context of heterogeneous sensor nodes with diverse communication and sensing range. In addition, an outline of the pros and cons of the clustering criteria in HWSNs and taxonomy are summarized and provide futuristic research directions. Final sections discuss the future evolution of HNs and their implementations in diverse applications. This is an essential reference book for advanced students on courses in wireless communications, clinical engineering and networking. It will also be of interest to researchers, network planners, technical mangers and other professionals in these fields. Discusses the most important problems, challenges and issues which arise when designing real-time heterogeneous networks for diverse scenarios Represents the unique features of heterogeneous sensor networks, giving the end-user a better understanding of the environment Provides an overview of real-time performance issues in heterogeneous networks, specifically multi-tasking, multi-level scheduling, localization and security issues Includes applications of heterogeneous networks in diverse fields and focuses on the convergence of heterogeneous wireless networks for 5G

Researchers, academicians and professionals expone in this book their research in the application of intelligent computing techniques to software engineering. As software systems are becoming larger and complex, software engineering tasks become increasingly costly and prone to errors. Evolutionary algorithms, machine learning approaches, meta-heuristic algorithms, and others techniques can help the effi ciency of software engineering.

Prepare for the coming convergence of AI and quantum computing A collection of essays from 20 renowned, international authors working in industry, academia, and government, Convergence: Artificial Intelligence and Quantum Computing explains the impending convergence of artificial intelligence and quantum computing. A diversity of viewpoints is presented, each offering their view of this coming watershed event. In the book, you'll discover that we're on the cusp of seeing the stuff of science fiction become reality, with huge implications for ripping up the existing social fabric, global economy, and current geopolitical order. Along with an incisive foreword by Hugo- and Nebula-award winning author David Brin, you'll also find: Explorations of the increasing pace of technological development Explanations of why seemingly unusual and surprising breakthroughs might be just around the corner Maps to navigate the potential minefields that await us as AI and quantum computing come together A fascinating and thought-provoking compilation of insights from some of the leading technological voices in the world, Convergence convincingly argues that we should prepare for a world in which very little will remain the same and shows us how to get ready.

Current Trends and Advances in Computer-Aided Intelligent Environmental Data Engineering merges computer engineering and environmental engineering. The book presents the latest finding on how data science and AI-based tools are being applied in environmental engineering research. This application involves multiple domains such as data science and artificial intelligence to transform the data collected by intelligent sensors into relevant and reliable information to support decision-making. These tools include fuzzy logic, knowledge-based systems, particle swarm optimization, genetic algorithms, Monte Carlo simulation, artificial neural networks, support vector machine, boosted regression tree, simulated annealing, ant colony algorithm, decision tree, immune algorithm, and imperialist competitive algorithm. This book is a fundamental information source because it is the first book to present the foundational reference material in this new research field. Furthermore, it gives a critical overview of the latest cross-domain research findings and technological developments on the recent advances in computer-aided intelligent environmental data engineering. Captures the application of data science and artificial intelligence for a broader spectrum of environmental engineering problems Presents methods and procedures as well as case studies where state-of-the-art technologies are applied in actual environmental scenarios Offers a compilation of essential and critical reviews on the application of data science and artificial intelligence to the entire spectrum of environmental engineering

Detection of Optical Signals provides a comprehensive overview of important technologies for photon detection, from the X-ray through ultraviolet, visible, infrared to far-infrared spectral regions. It uniquely combines perspectives from many disciplines, particularly within physics and electronics, which are necessary to have a complete understanding of optical receivers. This interdisciplinary textbook aims to: Guide readers into more detailed and technical treatments of readout optical signals Give a broad overview of optical signal detection including terahertz region and two-dimensional material Help readers further their studies by offering chapter-end problems and recommended reading. This is an invaluable resource for graduate students in physics and engineering, as well as a helpful refresher for those already working with aerospace sensors and systems, remote sensing, thermal imaging, military imaging, optical telecommunications, infrared spectroscopy, and light detection.

The book Digital Health Transformation with Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence covers the global digital revolution in the field of healthcare sector. The population has been overcoming the COVID-19 period; therefore, we need to establish intelligent digital healthcare systems using various emerging technologies like Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence. Internet of Medical Things is the technological revolution that has included the element of "smartness" in the healthcare industry and also identifying, monitoring, and informing service providers about the patient's clinical information with faster delivery of care services. This book highlights the important issues i.e. (a) How Internet of things can be integrated with the healthcare ecosystem for better diagnostics, monitoring, and treatment of the patients, (b) Artificial Intelligence for predictive and preventive healthcare systems, (c) Blockchain for managing healthcare data to provide transparency, security, and distributed storage, and (d) Effective remote diagnostics and telemedicine approach for developing smart care. The book encompasses chapters belong to the blockchain, Artificial Intelligence, and Big health data technologies. Features: Blockchain and internet of things in healthcare systems Secure Digital Health Data Management in Internet of Things Public Perception towards AI-Driven Healthcare Security, privacy issues and challenges in adoption of smart digital healthcare Big data analytics and Internet of things in the pandemic era Clinical challenges for digital health revolution Artificial intelligence for advanced healthcare Future Trajectory of Healthcare with Artificial Intelligence 9 Parkinson disease pre-diagnosis using smart technologies Emerging technologies to combat the COVID-19 Machine Learning and Internet of Things in Digital Health Transformation Effective Remote Healthcare and Telemedicine Approaches Legal implication of blockchain technology in public health This Book on "Digital Health Transformation with Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence" aims at promoting and facilitating exchanges of research knowledge and findings across different disciplines on the design and investigation of secured healthcare data analytics. It can also be used as a textbook for a Masters course in security and biomedical engineering. This book will also present new methods for the medical data analytics, blockchain technology, and diagnosis of different diseases to improve the quality of life in general, and better integration into digital healthcare.

This book gives insight into the emerging semiconductor devices from their applications in electronic circuits. It discusses the challenges in the field of engineering and applications of advanced low-power devices. Emerging Low-Power Semiconductor Devices: Applications for Future Technology Nodes offers essential exposure to low-power devices, and applications in wireless, biosensing, and circuit domains. This book provides a detailed discussion on all aspects, including the current and future scenarios related to the low-power device. The book also presents basic knowledge about field-effect transistor (FET) devices and introduces emerging and novel FET devices. The chapters include a review of the usage of FET devices in various domains like biosensing, wireless, and cryogenics applications. The chapters also explore device-circuit co-design issues in the digital and analog domains. The content is presented in an easy-to-follow manner that makes it ideal for individuals new to the subject. This book is intended for scientists, researchers, and postgraduate students looking for an understanding of device physics, circuits, and systems.

What will you do when your AI misbehaves? The promise of artificial intelligence is automated decision-making at scale, but that means AI also automates risk at scale. Are you prepared for that risk? Already, many companies have suffered real damage when their algorithms led to discriminatory, privacy-invading, and even deadly outcomes. Self-driving cars have hit pedestrians; HR algorithms have precluded women from job searches; mortgage systems have denied loans to qualified minorities. And often the companies who deployed the AI couldn't explain why the black box made the decision it did. In this environment, AI ethics isn't merely an academic curiosity, it's a business necessity. In Ethical Machines, Reid Blackman gives you all you need to understand AI ethics as a risk management challenge. He'll help you build, procure, and deploy AI in a way that's not only ethical but also safe in terms of your organization's reputation, regulatory compliance, and legal standing--and do it at scale. And don't worry--the book's purpose is to get work done, not to ponder deep and existential questions about ethics and technology. Blackman's clear and accessible writing helps make a complex and often misunderstood concept like ethics easy to grasp. Most importantly, Blackman makes ethics actionable by tackling the big three ethical risks with AI--bias, explainability, and privacy--and tells you what to do (and what not to do) to mitigate them. With practical approaches to everything from writing a strong statement of AI ethics principles to creating teams that effectively evaluate ethical risks, Ethical Machines is the one guide you need to ensure your AI advances your company's objectives instead of undermining them.

This book offers new ways of thinking about and assessing the impact of virtual reality on its users. It argues that we must go beyond traditional psychological concepts of VR "presence" to better understand the many varieties of virtual experiences. The author provides compelling evidence that VR simulations are capable of producing "virtually real" experiences in people. He also provides a framework for understanding when and how simulations induce virtually real experiences. From these insights, the book shows that virtually real experiences are responsible for several unaddressed ethical issues in VR research and design. Experimental philosophers, moral psychologists, and institutional review boards must become sensitive to the ethical issues involved between designing "realistic" virtual dilemmas, for good data collection, and avoiding virtually real trauma. Ethicists and game designers must do more to ensure that their simulations don't inculcate harmful character traits. Virtually real experiences, the author claims, can make virtual relationships meaningful, productive, and conducive to welfare but they can also be used to systematically mislead and manipulate users about the nature of their experiences. The Ethics of Virtual and Augmented Reality will appeal to philosophers working in applied ethics, philosophy of technology, and aesthetics, as well as researchers and students interested in game studies and game design.

Facial recognition is set to fundamentally change our experience and understanding of monitoring, surveillance, and privacy. Backed by powerful industry interests, this technology is being integrated into many areas of society - from airports to shopping malls, classrooms to casinos. Despite the promise of security and efficiency, fears are growing that this technology is inherently biased, intrusive, and oppressive, with broad-ranging societal consequences. In this timely book, Neil Selwyn and Mark Andrejevic provide a critical introduction to facial recognition. Outlining its complex social history and future technical forms, as well as its conceptual and technical underpinnings, the book considers the arguments being advanced for the continued uptake of facial recognition. In assessing these developments, the book argues that we are at the cusp of a generational shift in surveillance technology that will reconfigure our expectations of anonymity in shared and public spaces. Throughout, the book addresses a deceptively simple question: do we really want to live in a world where our face is our ID? Facial Recognition is essential reading for students and scholars of media and communications studies, surveillance studies, criminology, and sociology, as well as for anyone interested in one of the defining technologies of our times.

Fog Computing: Concepts, Frameworks, and Applications is arranged in such a way that readers with no prior experience in Fog Computing may explore this domain. It is an accessible source of information for distributed computing researchers as well as professionals looking to improve their security and connectivity understanding in Internet of Things (IoT) devices. This book is also useful for researchers and professionals working in the field of wireless communication security and privacy research. This book is intended for students, professionals, researchers, and developers who are working in or interested in the field of Fog Computing. One of the book's distinguishing aspects is that it covers a variety of case studies and future possibilities in the field of Fog Computing. This book: Begins by covering the fundamental notions of Fog Computing to help readers grasp the technology, starting from the basics Explains Fog Computing architecture as well as the convergence of Fog, IoT, and Cloud Computing Provides an assessment of Fog Computing and its applications in the field of IoT Discusses the usage of software defined networking and machine learning algorithms as they apply to Fog Computing Describes the different security and privacy issues with Fog Computing and explores single point control systems for consumer devices using Edge-Fog Computing Outlines in detail how to leverage Blockchain technology in Fog Computing, as well as how to use Fog Computing in telemedicine and healthcare applications Examines the usage of communication protocols, simulation tools for Fog Computing implementation, and case studies in the fields of bioinformatics, disaster control, and IoT 　

Discover the fundamental characteristics of ultra-dense networks with this comprehensive text. Featuring a consistent mathematical description of ultra-dense small cell networks while also covering real-world issues such as network deployment, operation and optimization, this book investigates performance metrics of coverage probability and area spectral efficiency (ASE) and addresses the aspects of ultra-dense networks that make them different from current networks. Insightful intuitions, which will assist decision-makers as they migrate their services, are explained and mathematically proven. The book presents the latest review of research outcomes on ultra-dense networks, based on both theoretical analyses and network simulations, includes over 200 sources from 3GPP, the Small Cell Forum, journals and conference proceedings, and covers all other related and prominent topics. This is an ideal reference text for professionals who are dealing with the development, deployment, operation and maintenance of ultra-dense small cell networks, as well as researchers and graduate students in communications.

The Game Designer's Playbook' is about game interaction design - in other words, shaping what players can do and how they do it to make a game satisfying and memorable. This volume contains a ludography

This book surveys and examines the most famous philosophical arguments against building a machine with human-level intelligence. From claims and counter-claims about the ability to implement consciousness, rationality, and meaning, to arguments about cognitive architecture, the book presents a vivid history of the clash between the philosophy and AI. Tellingly, the AI Wars are mostly quiet now. Explaining this crucial fact opens new paths to understanding the current resurgence AI (especially, deep learning AI and robotics), what happens when philosophy meets science, and the role of philosophy in the culture in which it is embedded. Organising the arguments into four core topics - 'Is AI possible', 'Architectures of the Mind', 'Mental Semantics and Mental Symbols' and 'Rationality and Creativity' - this book shows the debate that played out between the philosophers on both sides of the question, and, as well, the debate between philosophers and AI scientists and engineers building AI systems. Up-to-date and forward-looking, the book is packed with fresh insights and supporting material, including: - Accessible introductions to each war, explaining the background behind the main arguments against AI - Each chapter details what happened in the AI wars, the legacy of the attacks, and what new controversies are on the horizon. - Extensive bibliography of key readings

Handbook of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Photovoltaic Systems: Modelling, Control, Optimization, Forecasting and Fault Diagnosis provides readers with a comprehensive and detailed overview of the role of artificial intelligence in PV systems. Covering up-to-date research and methods on how, when and why to use and apply AI techniques in solving most photovoltaic problems, this book will serve as a complete reference in applying intelligent techniques and algorithms to increase PV system efficiency. Sections cover problem-solving data for challenges, including optimization, advanced control, output power forecasting, fault detection identification and localization, and more. Supported by the use of MATLAB and Simulink examples, this comprehensive illustration of AI-techniques and their applications in photovoltaic systems will provide valuable guidance for scientists and researchers working in this area. Includes intelligent methods in real-time using reconfigurable circuits FPGAs, DSPs and MCs Discusses the newest trends in AI forecasting, optimization and control applications Features MATLAB and Simulink examples highlighted throughout

This book is a timely and critical introduction for those interested in what data science is (and isn't) and how it should be applied. The language is conversational and the content is accessible for readers without a quantitative or computational background; but, at the same time, it is also a practical overview of the field for the more technical readers. The overarching goal is to demystify the fields and teach the reader how to develop an analytical mindset instead of following recipes. The book takes the scientist's approach of focusing on asking the right question at every step as this is the single most important factor contributing to the success of a data science project. Upon finishing this book, the reader should be asking more questions than I have answered. This book is, therefore, a practicing scientist's approach to explaining data science through questions and examples.

Introduces the ethical dimensions of data science for undergraduates, masters students, and professionals

Given their tremendous success in commercial applications, machine learning (ML) models are increasingly being considered as alternatives to science-based models in many disciplines. Yet, these "black-box" ML models have found limited success due to their inability to work well in the presence of limited training data and generalize to unseen scenarios. As a result, there is a growing interest in the scientific community on creating a new generation of methods that integrate scientific knowledge in ML frameworks. This emerging field, called scientific knowledge-guided ML (KGML), seeks a distinct departure from existing "data-only" or "scientific knowledge-only" methods to use knowledge and data at an equal footing. Indeed, KGML involves diverse scientific and ML communities, where researchers and practitioners from various backgrounds and application domains are continually adding richness to the problem formulations and research methods in this emerging field. Knowledge Guided Machine Learning: Accelerating Discovery using Scientific Knowledge and Data provides an introduction to this rapidly growing field by discussing some of the common themes of research in KGML using illustrative examples, case studies, and reviews from diverse application domains and research communities as book chapters by leading researchers. KEY FEATURES First-of-its-kind book in an emerging area of research that is gaining widespread attention in the scientific and data science fields Accessible to a broad audience in data science and scientific and engineering fields Provides a coherent organizational structure to the problem formulations and research methods in the emerging field of KGML using illustrative examples from diverse application domains Contains chapters by leading researchers, which illustrate the cutting-edge research trends, opportunities, and challenges in KGML research from multiple perspectives Enables cross-pollination of KGML problem formulations and research methods across disciplines Highlights critical gaps that require further investigation by the broader community of researchers and practitioners to realize the full potential of KGML  

In 1936 the notion of intuitive computability was operationalized in two different ways: via Turing machines and via lambda-calculus. The difference consisted in manipulating beads (bits) for the former approach versus manipulating trees (rewriting lambda-terms) for the latter. Both proposals turned out to formalize the same notion of computability, and led to the Church-Turing Thesis, claiming that intuitive computability is captured in the correct way. This resulted in the foundation of imperative and functional programming. Variants of lambda-calculus are being used in another powerful field of applications, namely proof-checking, the basis for certifying mathematical theorems and thereby high tech industrial products. These two areas of research are still being actively investigated and make lambda-calculus a major tool in the present stages of science and of the industrial revolution. In this book lambda-calculus is considered from another angle: as a study of these tree-like structures, investigating the relation between their shape and their action. This is like studying numbers qualitatively, rather than for their applications dealing quantitatively with objects and phenomena in the world. Barendregt's book `The Lambda Calculus, its Syntax and Semantics' (1981/84), does treat the subject from the same methodological viewpoint, and includes several open conjectures. In the more than four decades that have passed, most - but not all - of these conjectures have been solved, sometimes in ingenious PhD theses. This `Satellite' to the aforementioned book presents these solutions in a uniform style and adds other topics of interest.

This book provides an in-depth overview of what is currently happening in the field of Law and Artificial Intelligence (AI). From deep fakes and disinformation to killer robots, surgical robots, and AI lawmaking, the many and varied contributors to this volume discuss how AI could and should be regulated in the areas of public law, including constitutional law, human rights law, criminal law, and tax law, as well as areas of private law, including liability law, competition law, and consumer law. Aimed at an audience without a background in technology, this book covers how AI changes these areas of law as well as legal practice itself

The authors explain in this work a new approach to observing and controlling linear systems whose inputs and outputs are not fixed in advance. They cover a class of linear time-invariant state/signal system that is general enough to include most of the standard classes of linear time-invariant dynamical systems, but simple enough that it is easy to understand the fundamental principles. They begin by explaining the basic theory of finite-dimensional and bounded systems in a way suitable for graduate courses in systems theory and control. They then proceed to the more advanced infinite-dimensional setting, opening up new ways for researchers to study distributed parameter systems, including linear port-Hamiltonian systems and boundary triplets. They include the general non-passive part of the theory in continuous and discrete time, and provide a short introduction to the passive situation. Numerous examples from circuit theory are used to illustrate the theory.

A True Textbook for an Introductory Course, System Administration Course, or a Combination Course Linux with Operating System Concepts, Second Edition　merges conceptual operating system (OS) and Unix/Linux topics into one cohesive textbook for undergraduate students. The book can be used for a one- or two-semester course on Linux or Unix. It is complete with review sections, problems, definitions, concepts and relevant introductory material, such as binary and Boolean logic, OS kernels and the role of the CPU and memory hierarchy. Details for Introductory and Advanced Users The book covers Linux from both the user and system administrator positions. From a user perspective, it emphasizes command-line interaction. From a system administrator perspective, the text reinforces shell scripting with examples of administration scripts that support the automation of administrator tasks. Thorough Coverage of Concepts and Linux Commands The author incorporates OS concepts not found in most Linux/Unix textbooks, including kernels, file systems, storage devices, virtual memory and process management. He also introduces computer science topics, such as computer networks and TCP/IP, interpreters versus compilers, file compression, file system integrity through backups, RAID and encryption technologies, booting and the GNUs C compiler. New in this Edition The book has been updated to systemd Linux and the newer services like Cockpit, NetworkManager, firewalld and journald. This edition explores Linux beyond CentOS/Red Hat by adding detail on Debian distributions. Content across most topics has been updated and improved.

Machine Learning: Theory and Practice provides an introduction to the most popular methods in machine learning. The book covers regression including regularization, tree-based methods including Random Forests and Boosted Trees, Artificial Neural Networks including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), reinforcement learning, and unsupervised learning focused on clustering. Topics are introduced in a conceptual manner along with necessary mathematical details. The explanations are lucid, illustrated with figures and examples. For each machine learning method discussed, the book presents appropriate libraries in the R programming language along with programming examples. Features: Provides an easy-to-read presentation of commonly used machine learning algorithms in a manner suitable for advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate students, and mathematically and/or programming-oriented individuals who want to learn machine learning on their own. Covers mathematical details of the machine learning algorithms discussed to ensure firm understanding, enabling further exploration Presents worked out suitable programming examples, thus ensuring conceptual, theoretical and practical understanding of the machine learning methods. This book is aimed primarily at introducing essential topics in Machine Learning to advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students. The number of topics has been kept deliberately small so that it can all be covered in a semester or a quarter. The topics are covered in depth, within limits of what can be taught in a short period of time. Thus, the book can provide foundations that will empower a student to read advanced books and research papers.

How can machine learning help the design of future communication networks - and how can future networks meet the demands of emerging machine learning applications? Discover the interactions between two of the most transformative and impactful technologies of our age in this comprehensive book. First, learn how modern machine learning techniques, such as deep neural networks, can transform how we design and optimize future communication networks. Accessible introductions to concepts and tools are accompanied by numerous real-world examples, showing you how these techniques can be used to tackle longstanding problems. Next, explore the design of wireless networks as platforms for machine learning applications - an overview of modern machine learning techniques and communication protocols will help you to understand the challenges, while new methods and design approaches will be presented to handle wireless channel impairments such as noise and interference, to meet the demands of emerging machine learning applications at the wireless edge.

This book divides edge intelligence into AI for edge (intelligence-enabled edge computing) and AI on edge (artificial intelligence on edge). It focuses on providing optimal solutions to the key concerns in edge computing through effective AI technologies, and it discusses how to build AI models, i.e., model training and inference, on edge. This book provides insights into this new inter-disciplinary field of edge computing from a broader vision and perspective. The authors discuss machine learning algorithms for edge computing as well as the future needs and potential of the technology. The authors also explain the core concepts, frameworks, patterns, and research roadmap, which offer the necessary background for potential future research programs in edge intelligence. The target audience of this book includes academics, research scholars, industrial experts, scientists, and postgraduate students who are working in the field of Internet of Things (IoT) or edge computing and would like to add machine learning to enhance the capabilities of their work. This book explores the following topics: Edge computing, hardware for edge computing AI, and edge virtualization techniques Edge intelligence and deep learning applications, training, and optimization Machine learning algorithms used for edge computing Reviews AI on IoT Discusses future edge computing needs Amitoj Singh is an Associate Professor at the School of Sciences of Emerging Technologies, Jagat Guru Nanak Dev Punjab State Open University, Punjab, India. Vinay Kukreja is a Professor at the Chitkara Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, India. Taghi Javdani Gandomani is an Assistant Professor at Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.

Machine Learning in Signal Processing: Applications, Challenges, and the Road Ahead offers a comprehensive approach toward research orientation for familiarizing signal processing (SP) concepts to machine learning (ML). ML, as the driving force of the wave of artificial intelligence (AI), provides powerful solutions to many real-world technical and scientific challenges. This book will present the most recent and exciting advances in signal processing for ML. The focus is on understanding the contributions of signal processing and ML, and its aim to solve some of the biggest challenges in AI and ML. FEATURES Focuses on addressing the missing connection between signal processing and ML Provides a one-stop guide reference for readers Oriented toward material and flow with regards to general introduction and technical aspects Comprehensively elaborates on the material with examples and diagrams This book is a complete resource designed exclusively for advanced undergraduate students, post-graduate students, research scholars, faculties, and academicians of computer science and engineering, computer science and applications, and electronics and telecommunication engineering.

Measuring the User Experience: Collecting, Analyzing, and Presenting UX Metrics, Third Edition provides the quantitative analysis training that students and professionals need. This book presents an update on the first resource that focused on how to quantify user experience. Now in its third edition, the authors have expanded on the area of behavioral and physiological metrics, splitting that chapter into sections that cover eye-tracking and measuring emotion. The book also contains new research and updated examples, several new case studies, and new examples using the most recent version of Excel.

Direct Current (DC) transmission and distribution technologies have evolved in recent years. They offer superior efficiency, current carrying capacity, and response times as compared to conventional AC systems. Further, substantial advantages are their natural interface with many types of renewable energy resources, such as photovoltaic systems and battery energy storage systems at relatively high voltage, and compliance with consumer electronics at lower voltages, say, within a household environment. One of the core building blocks of DC-based technologies, especially at medium voltage levels, is power electronic systems technology. This cannot be emphasized enough as these units process, convert, and regulate all DC power and provide intelligence and sensing as electric power grids evolve. These advantages have led to a rise in the utilization and applications of DC in modern power systems. This includes high voltage DC transmission systems, DC distribution grids, DC microgrids, electric vehicle charging infrastructure, and the maritime industry. However, there are still substantial challenges to the operation of these systems. Examples include a lack of standards for DC based power infrastructure and DC system protection. This book presents the state of the art in medium voltage DC systems research and development, covering grid architecture, power converter design, transformers, control and protection for both traditional and mobile DC applications such as all-electric ships. This text, the first of its kind, provides essential information for researchers and research-oriented engineers working for academia, a manufacturer or utility, who wish to broaden or update their knowledge of medium voltage DC systems and associated equipment.

MemComputing is a new computing paradigm that employs time non-locality (memory) to both process and store information. This book, written by the originator of this paradigm, explains the main ideas behind MemComputing, explores its theoretical foundations, and shows its applicability to awide variety of combinatorial optimization problems, machine learning, and quantum mechanics. The book is ideal for graduate students in Physics, Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, and Mathematics, as well as researchers in both academia and industry interested in unconventional computing.The author relies on extensive margin notes, important remarks, and many illustrations to better explain the main concepts and clarify jargon, making the book as self-contained as possible. The reader will be guided from the basic notions to the more advanced ones with an always clear and engagingwriting style. Along the way, the reader will appreciate the advantages of this computing paradigm and the major differences that set it apart from the prevailing Turing model of computation, and even quantum computing.

The incessant scaling of complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology has resulted in significant performance improvements in very-large-scale integration (VLSI) design techniques and system architectures. This trend is expected to continue in the future, but this requires breakthroughs in the design of nano-CMOS and post-CMOS technologies. Nanoelectronics refers to the possible future technologies beyond conventional CMOS scaling limits. This volume addresses the current state-of-the-art nanoelectronic technologies and presents potential options for next-generation integrated circuits. Nanoelectronics for Next-generation Integrated Circuits is a useful reference guide for researchers, engineers, and advanced students working on the frontier of the design and modeling of nanoelectronic devices and their integration aspects with future CMOS circuits. This comprehensive volume eloquently presents the design methodologies for spintronics memories, quantum-dot cellular automata, and post-CMOS FETs, including applications in emerging integrated circuit technologies.

This reference text discusses conduction mechanism, structure construction, operation, performance evaluation and applications of nanoscale semiconductor materials and devices in VLSI circuits design. The text explains nano materials, devices, analysis of its design parameters to meet the sub-nano-regime challenges for CMOS devices. It discusses important topics including memory design and testing, fin field-effect transistor (FinFET), tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET) for sensors design, carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (CNTFET) for memory design, nanowire and nanoribbons, nano devices based low-power-circuit design, and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) design. The book discusses nanoscale semiconductor materials, device models, and circuit design covers nanoscale semiconductor device structures and modeling discusses novel nano-semiconductor devices such as FinFET, CNTFET, and Nanowire covers power dissipation and reduction techniques Discussing innovative nanoscale semiconductor device structures and modeling, this text will be useful for graduate students, and academic researchers in diverse areas such as electrical engineering, electronics and communication engineering, nanoscience, and nanotechnology. It covers nano devices based low-power-circuit design, nanoscale devices based digital VLSI circuits, and novel devices based analog VLSI circuits design.

The Natural Language for Artificial Intelligence  presents the biological and logical structure typical of human language in its dynamic mediating process between reality and the human mind. The book explains linguistic functioning in the dynamic process of human cognition when forming meaning. After that, an approach to artificial intelligence (AI) is outlined, which works with a more restricted concept of natural language that leads to flaws and ambiguities. Subsequently, the characteristics of natural language and patterns of how it behaves in different branches of science are revealed to indicate ways to improve the development of AI in specific fields of science. A brief description of the universal structure of language is also presented as an algorithmic model to be followed in the development of AI. Since AI aims to imitate the process of the human mind, the book shows how the cross-fertilization between natural language and AI should be done using the logical-axiomatic structure of natural language adjusted to the logical-mathematical processes of the machine. Presents a comprehensive approach to natural language and its inherent and complex dynamics Develops language content as the next frontier, identifying the universal structure of language as a common structure that appears in both AI and cognitive computing Explains the standard structure present in cognition and AI, making them interchangeable Offers examples of the application of the universal language model in image analysis and conventional language

The Nature of Complex Networks provides a systematic introduction to the statistical mechanics of complex networks and the different theoretical achievements in the field that are now finding strands in common.The book presents a wide range of networks and the processes taking place on them, including recently developed directions, methods, and techniques. It assumes a statistical mechanics view of random networks based on the concept of statistical ensembles but also features the approaches and methodsof modern random graph theory and their overlaps with statistical physics.This book will appeal to graduate students and researchers in the fields of statistical physics, complex systems, graph theory, applied mathematics, and theoretical epidemiology.

Ideal for entry-level and experienced researchers working in materials science and engineering, this unique book introduces a new subfield of materials science and mechanics of materials: network materials. A comprehensive review of their mechanical behaviours allows readers to understand, design, and enhance the performance of these material systems, across a range of materials including cytoskeletons, connective tissue, and thermoset polymers. By introducing simple models, supported by experimental data, the book provides the necessary fundamental knowledge to assist readers to design and develop their own material systems. By presenting each of these previously disparate material systems within a unified theoretical framework, this book provides a consolidated presentation of the mechanics of networks and their interactions, introducing parameters that define the stochastic structure of the network, and discussing their mechanical behaviour. It is an ideal text for those new to this fast-growing field, and for experienced researchers looking to consolidate their knowledge.

Object Detection with Deep Learning Models discusses recent advances in object detection and recognition using deep learning methods, which have achieved great success in the field of computer vision and image processing. It provides a systematic and methodical overview of the latest developments in deep learning theory and its applications to computer vision, illustrating them using key topics, including object detection, face analysis, 3D object recognition, and image retrieval. The book offers a rich blend of theory and practice. It is suitable for students, researchers and practitioners interested in deep learning, computer vision and beyond and can also be used as a reference book. The comprehensive comparison of various deep-learning applications helps readers with a basic understanding of machine learning and calculus grasp the theories and inspires applications in other computer vision tasks. Features: A structured overview of deep learning in object detection A diversified collection of applications of object detection using deep neural networks Emphasize agriculture and remote sensing domains Exclusive discussion on moving object detection

Every day we interact with machine learning systems offering individualized predictions for our entertainment, social connections, purchases, or health. These involve several modalities of data, from sequences of clicks to text, images, and social interactions. This book introduces common principles and methods that underpin the design of personalized predictive models for a variety of settings and modalities. The book begins by revising 'traditional' machine learning models, focusing on adapting them to settings involving user data, then presents techniques based on advanced principles such as matrix factorization, deep learning, and generative modeling, and concludes with a detailed study of the consequences and risks of deploying personalized predictive systems. A series of case studies in domains ranging from e-commerce to health plus hands-on projects and code examples will give readers understanding and experience with large-scale real-world datasets and the ability to design models and systems for a wide range of applications.

PHYSICS OF THIN-FILM PHOTOVOLTAICS Tackling one of the hottest topics in renewables, thin-film photovoltaics, the authors present the latest updates, technologies, and applications, offering the most up-to-date and thorough coverage available to the engineer, scientist, or student. It appears rather paradoxical that thin-film photovoltaics (PVs) are made of materials that seem unacceptable from the classical PV perspective, and yet they often outperform classical PV. This exciting new volume solves that paradox by switching to a new physics paradigm. Many concepts here fall beyond the classical PV scope. The differences lie in device thinness (microns instead of millimeters) and morphology (non-crystalline instead of crystalline). In such structures, the charge carriers can reach electrodes without recombination. On the other hand, thin disordered structures render a possibility of detrimental lateral nonuniformities ("recombination highways"), and their energy spectra give rise to new recombination modes. The mechanisms of thermal exchange and device degradation are correspondingly unique. The overall objective of this book is to give a self-contained in-depth discussion of the physics of thin-film systems in a manner accessible to both researchers and students. It covers most aspects of the physics of thin-film PV, including device operations, material structure and parameters, thin-film junction formation, analytical and numerical modeling, concepts of large area effects and lateral non-uniformities, physics of shunting (both shunt growth and effects), and device degradation. Also, it reviews a variety of physical diagnostic techniques proven with thin-film PV. Whether for the veteran engineer or the student, this is a must-have for any library. This outstanding new volume: Covers not only the state-of-the-art of thin-film photovoltaics, but also the basics, making this volume useful not just to the veteran engineer, but the new-hire or student as well Offers a comprehensive coverage of thin-film photovoltaics, including operations, modeling, non-uniformities, piezo-effects, and degradation Includes novel concepts and applications never presented in book format before Is an essential reference, not just for the engineer, scientist, and student, but the unassuming level of presentation also makes it accessible to readers with a limited physics background Is filled with workable examples and designs that are helpful for practical applications Is useful as a textbook for researchers, students, and faculty for understanding new ideas in this rapidly emerging field Audience: Industrial professionals in photovoltaics, such as engineers, managers, research and development staff, technicians, government and private research labs; also academic and research universities, such as physics, chemistry, and electrical engineering departments, and graduate and undergraduate students studying electronic devices, semiconductors, and energy disciplines

Political issues people care about such as racism, climate change, and democracy take on new urgency and meaning in the light of technological developments such as AI. How can we talk about the politics of AI while moving beyond mere warnings and easy accusations? This is the first accessible introduction to the political challenges related to AI. Using political philosophy as a unique lens through which to explore key debates in the area, the book shows how various political issues are already impacted by emerging AI technologies: from justice and discrimination to democracy and surveillance. Revealing the inherently political nature of technology, it offers a rich conceptual toolbox that can guide efforts to deal with the challenges raised by what turns out to be not only artificial intelligence but also artificial power. This timely and original book will appeal to students and scholars in philosophy of technology and political philosophy, as well as tech developers, innovation leaders, policy makers, and anyone interested in the impact of technology on society.​

"Fans of Dava Sobel's The Glass Universe and Margot Lee Shetterly's Hidden Figures are in for a treat" (Publishers Weeky) with this untold, World War II-era story of the six American women who programmed the world's first modern computer. After the end of World War II, the race for technological supremacy sped on. Top-secret research into ballistics and computing, begun during the war to aid those on the front lines, continued across the United States as engineers and programmers rushed to complete their confidential assignments. Among them were six pioneering women, tasked with figuring out how to program the world's first general-purpose, programmable, all-electronic computer--better known as the ENIAC-- even though there were no instruction codes or programming languages in existence. While most students of computer history are aware of this innovative machine, the great contributions of the women who programmed it were never told -- until now.  Over the course of a decade, Kathy Kleiman met with four of the original six ENIAC Programmers and recorded extensive interviews with the women about their work. PROVING GROUND restores these women to their rightful place as technological revolutionaries. As the tech world continues to struggle with gender imbalance and its far-reaching consequences, the story of the ENIAC Programmers' groundbreaking work is more urgently necessary than ever before, and PROVING GROUND is the celebration they deserve.

Now updated to cover latest versions and featuring instructions for both Mac and Windows users, this book is still the go-to source of support for getting to grips with qualitative data analysis using ATLAS.ti. With over twenty years of experience using, developing, and teaching ATLAS.ti, Susanne Friese is the perfect data analysis tour guide. Aware of common challenges and sticking points, she eases readers from readying and organizing data into coding and querying it, providing not only tips on how to prepare for analysis, but also the tools and technical know-how needed to observe, examine, and discuss data. Placing quick software 'skills training' tutorials alongside different stages of the data analysis process, she gives readers the opportunity to integrate software training with their actual analysis. 

Discover what AI can do for your business with this approachable and comprehensive resource Reimagining Businesses with AI acquaints readers with both the business challenges and opportunities presented by the rapid growth and progress of artificial intelligence. The accomplished authors and digital executives of the book provide you with a multi-industry approach to understanding the intersection of AI and business. The book walks you through the process of recognizing and capitalizing on AI's potential for your own business. The authors describe: How to build a technological foundation that allows for the rapid implementation of artificial intelligence How to manage the disruptive nature of powerful technology while simultaneously harnessing its capabilities The ethical implications and security and privacy concerns raised by the spread of AI Perfect for business executives and managers who seek a jargon-free and approachable manual on how to implement artificial intelligence in everyday operations, Reimagining Businesses with AI also belongs on the bookshelves of anyone curious about the interaction between artificial intelligence and business.

Sensing Machines shows how sensors and artificial intelligence transform our lives, from driving and playing games, to the ways we eat, sleep and dream

Shaping Future 6G Networks Discover the societal and technology drivers contributing to build the next generation of wireless telecommunication networks Shaping Future 6G Networks: Needs, Impacts, and Technologies is a holistic snapshot on the evolution of 5G technologies towards 6G. With contributions from international key players in industry and academia, the book presents the hype versus the realistic capabilities of 6G technologies, and delivers cutting-edge business and technological insights into the future wireless telecommunications landscape. You'll learn about: Forthcoming demand for post 5G networks, including new requirements coming from small and large businesses, manufacturing, logistics, and automotive industry Societal implications of 6G, including digital sustainability, strategies for increasing energy efficiency, as well as future open networking ecosystems Impacts of integrating non-terrestrial networks to build the 6G architecture Opportunities for emerging THz radio access technologies in future integrated communications, positioning, and sensing capabilities in 6G Design of highly modular and distributed 6G core networks driven by the ongoing RAN-Core integration and the benefits of AI/ML-based control and management Disruptive architectural considerations influenced by the Post-Shannon Theory The insights in Shaping Future 6G Networks will greatly benefit IT engineers and managers focused on the future of networking, as well as undergraduate and graduate engineering students focusing on the design, implementation, and management of mobile networks and applications.

This book highlights microgrids as integrating platforms for distributed generation units, energy storages and local loads, with an emphasis on system performance via innovative approaches. It explains the smart power system concept, transmission, distribution, and utilization, and then looks at distributed generation technologies and hybrid power systems. Smart approaches, an analysis of microgrid design architecture and its implementation, the mitigation of cyber threats, and system optimization are also included. Case studies related to microgrid modeling and simulation are placed at the end of each chapter. FEATURES Focuses on applications of expert systems for microgrid control Explores microgrid applications for power networks and applications of expert technologies Reviews design and development technologies related to renewable energy for a weak power network Discusses cyber security for microgrids Includes case studies related to actual developments and research This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in power engineering and electronics.

Stories from the future of intelligent machines--from rescue drones to robot spouses--and accounts of cutting-edge research that could make it all possible.

Text As Data: Combining qualitative and quantitative algorithms within the SAS system for accurate, effective and understandable text analytics The need for powerful, accurate and increasingly automatic text analysis software in modern information technology has dramatically increased. Fields as diverse as financial management, fraud and cybercrime prevention, Pharmaceutical R&D, social media marketing, customer care, and health services are implementing more comprehensive text-inclusive, analytics strategies. Text as Data: Computational Methods of Understanding Written Expression Using SAS presents an overview of text analytics and the critical role SAS software plays in combining linguistic and quantitative algorithms in the evolution of this dynamic field. Drawing on over two decades of experience in text analytics, authors Barry deVille and Gurpreet Singh Bawa examine the evolution of text mining and cloud-based solutions, and the development of SAS Visual Text Analytics. By integrating quantitative data and textual analysis with advanced computer learning principles, the authors demonstrate the combined advantages of SAS compared to standard approaches, and show how approaching text as qualitative data within a quantitative analytics framework produces more detailed, accurate, and explanatory results. Understand the role of linguistics, machine learning, and multiple data sources in the text analytics workflow Understand how a range of quantitative algorithms and data representations reflect contextual effects to shape meaning and understanding Access online data and code repositories, videos, tutorials, and case studies Learn how SAS extends quantitative algorithms to produce expanded text analytics capabilities Redefine text in terms of data for more accurate analysis This book offers a thorough introduction to the framework and dynamics of text analytics--and the underlying principles at work--and provides an in-depth examination of the interplay between qualitative-linguistic and quantitative, data-driven aspects of data analysis. The treatment begins with a discussion on expression parsing and detection and provides insight into the core principles and practices of text parsing, theme, and topic detection. It includes advanced topics such as contextual effects in numeric and textual data manipulation, fine-tuning text meaning and disambiguation. As the first resource to leverage the power of SAS for text analytics, Text as Data is an essential resource for SAS users and data scientists in any industry or academic application. 

Learn to analyze and measure risk by exploring the nature of trust and its application to cybersecurity  Trust in Computer Systems and the Cloud delivers an insightful and practical new take on what it means to trust in the context of computer and network security and the impact on the emerging field of Confidential Computing. Author Mike Bursell's experience, ranging from Chief Security Architect at Red Hat to CEO at a Confidential Computing start-up grounds the reader in fundamental concepts of trust and related ideas before discussing the more sophisticated applications of these concepts to various areas in computing.  The book demonstrates in the importance of understanding and quantifying risk and draws on the social and computer sciences to explain hardware and software security, complex systems, and open source communities. It takes a detailed look at the impact of Confidential Computing on security, trust and risk and also describes the emerging concept of trust domains, which provide an alternative to standard layered security.  Foundational definitions of trust from sociology and other social sciences, how they evolved, and what modern concepts of trust mean to computer professionals  A comprehensive examination of the importance of systems, from open-source communities to HSMs, TPMs, and Confidential Computing with TEEs.  A thorough exploration of trust domains, including explorations of communities of practice, the centralization of control and policies, and monitoring  Perfect for security architects at the CISSP level or higher, Trust in Computer Systems and the Cloud is also an indispensable addition to the libraries of system architects, security system engineers, and master's students in software architecture and security. 

Very Large-Scale Integration (VLSI) creates an integrated circuit (IC) by combining thousands of transistors into a single chip. While designing a circuit, reduction of power consumption is a great challenge. VLSI designs reduce the size of circuits which eventually reduces the power consumption of the devices. However, it increases the complexity of the digital system. Therefore, computer-aided design tools are introduced into hardware design processes. Unlike the general-purpose computer, an embedded system is engineered to manage a wide range of processing tasks. Single or multiple processing cores manage embedded systems in the form of microcontrollers, digital signal processors, field-programmable gate arrays, and application-specific integrated circuits. Security threats have become a significant issue since most embedded systems lack security even more than personal computers. Many embedded systems hacking tools are readily available on the internet. Hacking in the PDAs and modems is a pervasive example of embedded systems hacking. This book explores the designs of VLSI circuits and embedded systems. These two vast topics are divided into four parts. In the book's first part, the Decision Diagrams (DD) have been covered. DDs have extensively used Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software to synthesize circuits and formal verification. The book's second part mainly covers the design architectures of Multiple-Valued Logic (MVL) Circuits. MVL circuits offer several potential opportunities to improve present VLSI circuit designs. The book's third part deals with Programmable Logic Devices (PLD). PLDs can be programmed to incorporate a complex logic function within a single IC for VLSI circuits and Embedded Systems. The fourth part of the book concentrates on the design architectures of Complex Digital Circuits of Embedded Systems. As a whole, from this book, core researchers, academicians, and students will get the complete picture of VLSI Circuits and Embedded Systems and their applications.

Should we regulate artificial intelligence? Can we? From self-driving cars and high-speed trading to algorithmic decision-making, the way we live, work, and play is increasingly dependent on AI systems that operate with diminishing human intervention. These fast, autonomous, and opaque machines offer great benefits - and pose significant risks. This book examines how our laws are dealing with AI, as well as what additional rules and institutions are needed - including the role that AI might play in regulating itself. Drawing on diverse technologies and examples from around the world, the book offers lessons on how to manage risk, draw red lines, and preserve the legitimacy of public authority. Though the prospect of AI pushing beyond the limits of the law may seem remote, these measures are useful now - and will be essential if it ever does.

WIDE BANDGAP NANOWIRES Comprehensive resource covering the synthesis, properties, and applications of wide bandgap nanowires This book presents first-hand knowledge on wide bandgap nanowires for sensor and energy applications. Taking a multidisciplinary approach, it brings together the materials science, physics and engineering aspects of wide bandgap nanowires, an area in which research has been accelerating dramatically in the past decade. Written by four well-qualified authors who have significant experience in the field, sample topics covered within the work include: Nanotechnology-enabled fabrication of wide bandgap nanowires, covering bottom-up, top-down and hybrid approaches Electrical, mechanical, optical, and thermal properties of wide bandgap nanowires, which are the basis for realizing sensor and energy device applications Measurement of electrical conductivity and fundamental electrical properties of nanowires Applications of nanowires, such as in flame sensors, biological sensors, and environmental monitoring For materials scientists, electrical engineers and professionals involved in the semiconductor industry, this book serves as a completely comprehensive resource to understand the topic of wide bandgap nanowires and how they can be successfully used in practical applications.

Wide Bandgap Semiconductors for Power Electronic A guide to the field of wide bandgap semiconductor technology Wide Bandgap Semiconductors for Power Electronics is a comprehensive and authoritative guide to wide bandgap materials silicon carbide, gallium nitride, diamond and gallium(III) oxide. With contributions from an international panel of experts, the book offers detailed coverage of the growth of these materials, their characterization, and how they are used in a variety of power electronics devices such as transistors and diodes and in the areas of quantum information and hybrid electric vehicles. The book is filled with the most recent developments in the burgeoning field of wide bandgap semiconductor technology and includes information from cutting-edge semiconductor companies as well as material from leading universities and research institutions. By taking both scholarly and industrial perspectives, the book is designed to be a useful resource for scientists, academics, and corporate researchers and developers. This important book: Presents a review of wide bandgap materials and recent developments Links the high potential of wide bandgap semiconductors with the technological implementation capabilities Offers a unique combination of academic and industrial perspectives Meets the demand for a resource that addresses wide bandgap materials in a comprehensive manner Written for materials scientists, semiconductor physicists, electrical engineers, Wide Bandgap Semiconductors for Power Electronics provides a state of the art guide to the technology and application of SiC and related wide bandgap materials.

This reference text will benefit readers in enhancing their understanding of the recent technologies, protocols, and challenges in various stages of development of wireless communication and networking. The text discusses the cellular concepts of 4G, 5G, and 6G along with their challenges. It covers topics related to vehicular technology, wherein vehicles communicate with the traffic and the environment around them using short-range wireless signals. The text comprehensively covers important topics including use of the Internet of Things (IoT) in wireless communication, architecture, and protocols. It further covers the role of smart antennas in emerging wireless technologies. The book Discusses advanced techniques used in the field of wireless communication. Covers technologies including network slicing, 5G wireless communication, and TV white space technology. Discusses practical applications including drone delivery systems, public safety, IoT, virtual reality, and smart cities. Covers radio theory and applications for wireless communication with ranges of centimeters to hundreds of meters. Discusses important topics including metamaterials, inductance coupling for loop antennas, bluetooth low energy, wireless security, and wireless sensor networks. Discussing latest technologies including 5G, 6G, IoT, vehicular technology and TV white space technology, this text will be useful for senior undergraduate, graduate students, and professionals in the fields of electrical engineering, and electronics and communication engineering. 　 　

Two management and technology experts show that AI is not a job destroyer, exploring worker-AI collaboration in real-world work settings.

For fans of computers and comedy alike, an accessible and entertaining look into how we can use artificial intelligence to make smart machines funny.

"Zero Trust is the strategy that organizations need to implement to stay ahead of cyber threats, period. The industry has 30 plus years of categorical failure that shows us that our past approaches, while earnest in their efforts, have not stopped attackers. Zero Trust strategically focuses on and systematically removes the power and initiatives hackers and adversaries need to win as they circumvent security controls. This book will help you and your organization have a better understanding of what Zero Trust really is, recognize its history, and gain prescriptive knowledge that will help you and your enterprise finally begin beating the adversaries in the chess match that is cyber security strategy." Dr. Chase Cunningham (aka Dr. Zero Trust), Cyberware Expert Today's organizations require a new security approach that effectively adapts to the challenges of the modern environment, embraces the mobile workforce, and protects people, devices, apps, and data wherever they are located. Zero Trust is increasingly becoming the critical security approach of choice for many enterprises and governments; however, security leaders often struggle with the significant shifts in strategy and architecture required to holistically implement Zero Trust. This book seeks to provide an end-to-end view of the Zero Trust approach across organizations' digital estates that includes strategy, business imperatives, architecture, solutions, human elements, and implementation approaches that could significantly enhance these organizations' success in learning, adapting, and implementing Zero Trust. The book concludes with a discussion of the future of Zero Trust in areas such as artificial intelligence, blockchain technology, operational technology (OT), and governance, risk, and compliance. The book is ideal for business decision makers, cybersecurity leaders, security technical professionals, and organizational change agents who want to modernize their digital estate with the Zero Trust approach.

Focusing on Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and Mainland China, the contributors to this book analyze various cases of air pollution within East Asia. Air pollution in East Asia is a major health risk, which also has damaging impacts on the environment leading to impacts on society, economic growth, and welfare. While existing laws and policies have made progress in alleviating air pollution in each country in the region, the protection of favorable environments and the resolution of transboundary air pollution problems have become major targets of regional cooperation. Combining perspectives from social sciences and science, technology, and society studies, the contributors to this book examine both the technical and socioeconomic-political aspects of these challenges through a range of case studies from around the region. The book is a valuable read for researchers and policymakers looking at air pollution and transboundary governance challenges within and beyond East Asia.

1. Introduction-Nanomaterials and their role in water remediation 2. Advanced carbon-based nanomaterials for treatment of water 3. Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for water treatment 4. Biopolymers supported nanomaterials for water treatment 5. Disinfection of water by eco-friendly nanomaterials 6.Advanced nanomaterials-based adsorbents for removal and recovery of metals from water 7. Photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants by using efficient nanomaterials 8. Recent developments in nanofiltration membrane for water purification 9.Electrochemical treatment of water using advanced nanomaterial 10. Nanotoxicology and challenges of using nanomaterials for water treatment.

Electrochemical energy storage devices are the prime interest of researchers and students. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to nanomaterials and their potential applications specifically for electrochemical devices (rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors and so forth) in a coherent and simple manner. It covers fundamental concepts of nanomaterials, chemical and physical methods of synthesis, properties, characterization methods, and related applications.  Features: Introduces the evolution of nanoparticles in electrochemical energy storage devices. Provides the detailed information on step-by-step synthesis of nanoparticles. Discusses different characterization methods (structural, electrical, optical, and thermal). Includes the use of nanoparticles in various electrochemical devices. Aims to bridge the gap between the material synthesis and the real application. This book aims at Senior Undergraduate/Graduate students in Material Chemistry, Electrochemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Energy Storage.

Artificial Neural Networks for Renewable Energy Systems and Real-World Applications presents current trends for the solution of complex engineering problems in the application, modeling, analysis, and optimization of different energy systems and manufacturing processes. With growing research catering to the applications of neural networks in specific industrial applications, this reference provides a single resource catering to a broader perspective of ANN in renewable energy systems and manufacturing processes. ANN-based methods have attracted the attention of scientists and researchers in different engineering and industrial disciplines, making this book a useful reference for all researchers and engineers interested in artificial networks, renewable energy systems, and manufacturing process analysis. Includes illustrative examples on the design and development of ANNS for renewable and manufacturing applications Features computer-aided simulations presented as algorithms, pseudocodes and flowcharts Covers ANN theory for easy reference in subsequent technology specific sections

To achieve fossil fuel independence, few technologies are more important than batteries. Used for powering zero-emission vehicles, storing electricity from solar panels and wind turbines, and revitalizing the electric grid, batteries are essential to scaling up the renewable energy resources that help address global warming. But given the unique environmental impact of batteries--including mining, disposal, and more--does a clean energy transition risk trading one set of problems for another? In Charged, James Morton Turner unpacks the history of batteries to explore why solving "the battery problem" is critical to a clean energy transition. As climate activists focus on what a clean energy future will create--sustainability, resiliency, and climate justice--the history of batteries offers a sharp reminder of what building that future will consume: lithium, graphite, nickel, and other specialized materials. With new insight on the consequences for people and communities on the frontlines, Turner draws on the past for crucial lessons that will help us build a just and clean energy future, from the ground up.

Offering practical treatment strategies for CO2 emission generated from various energy-related sources, CO2 Capture, Utilization, and Sequestration Strategies emphasizes carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration (CCUS) with special focus on methods for each component of the strategy. While other books mostly focus on CCS strategy for CO2, this book details the technologies available for utilization of CO2, showing how it can be a valuable renewable source for chemicals, materials, fuels, and power instead of a waste material damaging the environment. Highlights current and potential future commercially viable CCUS strategies Discusses applications for direct and the more complex indirect utilization of CO2 streams Examines viability of the mineral carbonation process and biological treatments to convert CO2 into useful biochemicals, biomaterials, and biofuels Explores heterogeneous catalysis for thermal and electrochemical conversion and solar energy-based thermal, photo-thermal, and photocatalytic conversion of CO2 Presents the rapidly growing concept of plasma-activated catalysis for CO2 conversion CO2 Capture, Utilization, and Sequestration Strategies is a valuable reference for researchers in academia, industry, and government organizations seeking a guide to effective CCUS processes, technologies, and applications.

Current Trends and Advances in Computer-Aided Intelligent Environmental Data Engineering merges computer engineering and environmental engineering. The book presents the latest finding on how data science and AI-based tools are being applied in environmental engineering research. This application involves multiple domains such as data science and artificial intelligence to transform the data collected by intelligent sensors into relevant and reliable information to support decision-making. These tools include fuzzy logic, knowledge-based systems, particle swarm optimization, genetic algorithms, Monte Carlo simulation, artificial neural networks, support vector machine, boosted regression tree, simulated annealing, ant colony algorithm, decision tree, immune algorithm, and imperialist competitive algorithm. This book is a fundamental information source because it is the first book to present the foundational reference material in this new research field. Furthermore, it gives a critical overview of the latest cross-domain research findings and technological developments on the recent advances in computer-aided intelligent environmental data engineering. Captures the application of data science and artificial intelligence for a broader spectrum of environmental engineering problems Presents methods and procedures as well as case studies where state-of-the-art technologies are applied in actual environmental scenarios Offers a compilation of essential and critical reviews on the application of data science and artificial intelligence to the entire spectrum of environmental engineering

How technological advances and colonial fears inspired utopian geoengineering projects during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries From the 1870s to the mid-twentieth century, European explorers, climatologists, colonial officials, and planners were avidly interested in large-scale projects that might actively alter the climate. Uncovering this history, Desert Edens looks at how arid environments and an increasing anxiety about climate in the colonial world shaped this upsurge in ideas about climate engineering. From notions about the transformation of deserts into forests to Nazi plans to influence the climates of war-torn areas, Philipp Lehmann puts the early climate change debate in its environmental, intellectual, and political context, and considers the ways this legacy reverberates in the present climate crisis. Lehmann examines some of the most ambitious climate-engineering projects to emerge in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Confronted with the Sahara in the 1870s, the French developed concepts for a flooding project that would lead to the creation of a man-made Sahara Sea. In the 1920s, German architect Herman Sörgel proposed damming the Mediterranean in order to geoengineer an Afro-European continent called "Atlantropa," which would fit the needs of European settlers. Nazi designs were formulated to counteract the desertification of Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Despite ideological and technical differences, these projects all incorporated and developed climate change theories and vocabulary. They also combined expressions of an extreme environmental pessimism with a powerful technological optimism that continue to shape the contemporary moment. Focusing on the intellectual roots, intended effects, and impact of early measures to modify the climate, Desert Edens investigates how the technological imagination can be inspired by pressing fears about the environment and civilization.

The toxicity of pesticides to the environment and humans is often framed as an unfortunate effect of their benefits to agricultural production. In Economic Poisoning, Adam M. Romero upends this narrative and provides a fascinating new history of pesticides in American industrial agriculture prior to World War II. Through impeccable archival research, Romero reveals the ways late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century American agriculture, especially in California, functioned less as a market for novel pest-killing chemical products and more as a sink for the accumulating toxic wastes of mining, oil production, and chemical manufacturing. Connecting farming ecosystems to technology and the economy, Romero provides an intriguing reconceptualization of pesticides that forces readers to rethink assumptions about food, industry, and the relationship between human and nonhuman environments. 

Energy Global energy demand has more than doubled since 1970. The use of energy is strongly related to almost every conceivable aspect of development: wealth, health, nutrition, water, infrastructure, education and even life expectancy itself are strongly and significantly related to the consumption of energy per capita. Many development indicators are strongly related to per-capita energy consumption. Fossil fuel is the most conventional source of energy but also increases greenhouse gas emissions. The economic development of many countries has come at the cost of the environment. However, it should not be presumed that a reconciliation of the two is not possible. The nexus concept is the interconnection between the resource energy, water, food, land, and climate. Such interconnections enable us to address trade-offs and seek synergies among them. Energy, water, food, land, and climate are essential resources of our natural environment and support our quality of life. Competition between these resources is increasing globally and is exacerbated by climate change. Improving resilience and securing resource availability would require improving resource efficiency. Many policies and programs are announced nationally and internationally for replacing the conventional mode and also emphasizing on conservation of fossil fuels and reuse of exhausted energy, so a gap in implications and outcomes can be broadly traced by comparing the data. This book aims to highlight problems and solutions related to conventional energy utilization, formation, and multitudes of ecological impacts and tools for the conservation of fossil fuels. The book also discusses modern energy services as one of the sustainable development goals and how the pressure on resource energy disturbs the natural flows. The recent advances in alternative energy sources and their possible future growth are discussed and on how conventional energy leads to greenhouse gas formation, which reduces energy use efficiency. The different policies and models operating is also addressed, and the gaps that remained between them. Climate change poses a challenge for renewable energy, and thus it is essential to identify the factors that would reduce the possibility of relying on sustainable energy sources. This book will be of interest to researchers and stakeholders, students, industries, NGOs, and governmental agencies directly or indirectly associated with energy research.

Energy Conversion and Green Energy Storage presents recent developments in renewable energy conversion and green energy storage. Covering technical expansions in renewable energy and applications, energy storage, and solar photovoltaics, the book features chapters written by global experts in the field.Providing insights related to various forms of renewable energy, the book discusses developments in solar photovoltaic applications. The book also includes simulation codes and programs, such as Wien2k code, VASP code, and MATLAB®.The book serves as a useful reference for researchers, graduate students, and engineers in the field of energy.

Extensive revision of the discussion questions at the end of each chapter to require more critical thinking skills Updates to the environmental data Includes a glossary of important terms An excellent, user friendly and thought-provoking presentation which will appeal to students with little or no science background A qualitative approach to the chemistry behind many of our environmental issues today

The development of unconventional oil and gas shales using hydraulic fracturing and directional drilling is currently a focal point of energy and climate change discussions. While this technology has provided access to substantial reserves of oil and gas, the need for large quantities of water, emissions, and infrastructure raises concerns over the environmental impacts. Written by an international consortium of experts, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the extraction from unconventional reservoirs, providing clear explanations of the technology and processes involved. Each chapter is devoted to different aspects including global reserves, the status of their development and regulatory framework, water management and contamination, air quality, earthquakes, radioactivity, isotope geochemistry, microbiology, and climate change. Case studies present baseline studies, water monitoring efforts and habitat destruction. This book is accessible to a wide audience, from academics to industry professionals and policy makers interested in environmental pollution and petroleum exploration.

In the US South, wood-based bioenergy schemes are being promoted and implemented through a powerful vision merging social, environmental, and economic benefits for rural, forest-dependent communities. While this dominant narrative has led to heavy investment in experimental technologies and rural development, many complexities and complications have emerged during implementation. Forests as Fuel draws on extensive multi-sited ethnography to ground the story of wood-based bioenergy in the biophysical, economic, political, social, and cultural landscape of this region. This book contextualizes energy issues within the history and potential futures of the region's forested landscapes, highlighting the impacts of varying perceptions of climate change and complex racial dynamics. Eschewing simple answers, the authors illuminate the points of friction that occur as competing visions of bioenergy development confront each other to variously support, reshape, contest, or reject bioenergy development. Building on recent conceptual advances in studies of sociotechnical imaginaries, environmental history, and energy justice, the authors present a careful and nuanced analysis that can provide guidance for promoting meaningful participation of local community members in renewable energy policy and production while recognizing the complex interplay of factors affecting its implementation in local places.

Forever Chemicals: Environmental, Economic, and Social Equity Concerns with PFAS in the Environment provides the reader with an understanding of the complex and interwoven issues associated with per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS) in our environment. The chapters provide in-depth perspective into various issues, including health, regulation, detection, clean-up strategies and technologies, and more. Taken together or as the reader's interests lead them, the variety of topics covered in the book present a balanced perspective on this complex topic. It will address the current state of PFAS and where indicators are pointing for future developments. The book is also a deeper investigation of the regulatory challenges, analytical hurdles, and toxicological progress to date for the suite of PFAS chemicals. Features Explains the trends that will affect future policy and regulatory decisions Looks holistically at 4000+ PFAS chemicals Includes PFAS risk assessments at contaminated sites and biomonitoring insights Provides in-depth discussions on remediation technologies Illustrates quality and diversified content Provides a balanced perspective on this complex topic

Fundamentals of Wind Farm Aerodynamic Layout Design, Volume Four provides readers with effective wind farm design and layout guidance through algorithm optimization, going beyond other references and general approaches in literature. Focusing on interactions of wake models, designers can combine numerical schemes presented in this book which also considers wake models' effects and problems on layout optimization in order to simulate and enhance wind farm designs. Covering the aerodynamic modeling and simulation of wind farms, the book's authors include experimental tests supporting modeling simulations and tutorials on the simulation of wind turbines. In addition, the book includes a CFD technique designed to be more computationally efficient than currently available techniques, making this book ideal for industrial engineers in the wind industry who need to produce an accurate simulation within limited timeframes. Features novel CFD modeling Offers global case studies for turbine wind farm layouts Includes tutorials on simulation of wind turbine using OpenFoam

GAS HYDRATE IN WATER TREATMENT Explores current progress in the expanding field of gas hydrate-based desalination As potable water shortages continue to affect billions of people worldwide, seawater desalination and wastewater treatment have the potential to meet freshwater demands in the near future. Gas hydrate-based desalination, a process which requires CO2 and water as solvent, has become an increasingly popular approach--desalination with hydrates is environmentally friendly and can produce cheaper desalted water than other existing conventional technologies. Gas Hydrate in Water Treatment: Technological, Economic, and Industrial Aspects provides detailed, up-to-date reference to the application of gas hydrates in wastewater and seawater desalination treatment. Edited by experienced researchers in the field, this comprehensive volume describes the fundamental aspects of desalination and summarizes the latest research on gas hydrate-based desalination. The authors address a broad range of key topics, including issues related to water scarcity, post-treatment of desalinated water using both conventional and new technologies, hydrate-based desalination methods driven by renewable energy sources, and more. Provides thorough coverage of the technological, waste brine management, economic, and renewable energy and remineralization aspects of gas hydrate-based wastewater treatment Describes the energetic, economic, and environmental impact of gas hydrate desalination Explains the core concepts of gas hydrate-based desalination to help readers evaluate the performance of existing desalination processes Discusses the advantages and challenges of hydrate-based water treatment Compares conventional and gas hydrate technologies used in water treatment Reviews the most recent research in gas hydrate-based desalination Gas Hydrate in Water Treatment: Technological, Economic, and Industrial Aspects is an essential resource for all academics, researchers, process engineers, designers, industry professionals, and advanced students in the field.

Green Approaches for Chemical Analysis addresses emerging trends and technologies for the development of green analytical methods. The book covers basic principles of Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) and describes the most up-to-date strategies used in areas such as sample preparation, instrumental analysis, and use and synthesis of green solvents and sorbents for separation. Many applications of analytical methods are discussed from a "green perspective," such as multiresidue analysis, metabolomics, food analysis, environmental monitoring, and bio-clinical applications. Written by experts in their fields, the book's chapters offer a variety of green analytical solutions readers can apply to their own analytical needs. Combines an overview of the fundamental principles of Green Analytical Chemistry with applications in many various fields of research, including food, the environment and bioanalysis Gives a critical overview of current analytical strategies and the applicability of green alternatives for various analytical purposes, comparing the efficacy of these approaches Clarifies the link between analytical sample preparation and other methods

The "greening" of industry processes, i.e. making them more sustainable, is a popular and often lucrative trend in Chemical Engineering. The 7th volume of Green Chemical Processing considers the role of water in sustainable chemistry and highlights innovations in the field of water treatment. The American Chemical Society's 12 Principles of Green Chemistry are woven throughout this text as well as the series to which this book belongs.

Handbook of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Photovoltaic Systems: Modelling, Control, Optimization, Forecasting and Fault Diagnosis provides readers with a comprehensive and detailed overview of the role of artificial intelligence in PV systems. Covering up-to-date research and methods on how, when and why to use and apply AI techniques in solving most photovoltaic problems, this book will serve as a complete reference in applying intelligent techniques and algorithms to increase PV system efficiency. Sections cover problem-solving data for challenges, including optimization, advanced control, output power forecasting, fault detection identification and localization, and more. Supported by the use of MATLAB and Simulink examples, this comprehensive illustration of AI-techniques and their applications in photovoltaic systems will provide valuable guidance for scientists and researchers working in this area. Includes intelligent methods in real-time using reconfigurable circuits FPGAs, DSPs and MCs Discusses the newest trends in AI forecasting, optimization and control applications Features MATLAB and Simulink examples highlighted throughout

Hazardous Waste Management: An Overview of Advanced and Cost-Effective Solutions includes the latest practical knowledge and theoretical concepts for the treatment of hazardous wastes. The book covers five major themes, namely, ecological impact, waste management hierarchy, hazardous waste characteristics and regulations, hazardous wastes management, and future scope of hazardous waste management. It serves as a comprehensive and advanced reference for undergraduate students, researchers and practitioners in the field of hazardous wastes and focuses on the latest emerging research in the management of hazardous waste, the direction in which this branch is developing as well as future prospects. The book deals with all these components in-depth, however, particular attention is given to management techniques and cost-effective, economically feasible solutions for hazardous wastes released from various sources. Comprehensively explores the impact of hazardous wastes on human health and ecosystems Discusses toxicity across solid waste, aquatic food chain and airborne diseases Categorically elaborates waste treatment and management procedures with current challenges Discusses future challenges and the importance of renewing technologies

In House Gods, Kristofic pursues the techniques of sustainable building and the philosophies of its practitioners.

Published as an Open Access book, IEA Wind Recommended Practices for the Implementation of Renewable Energy Forecasting Solutions translates decades of academic knowledge and standard requirements into applicable procedures and decision support tools for the energy industry. Designed specifically for practitioners in the energy industry, readers will find the tools to maximize the value of renewable energy forecast information in operational decision-making applications and significantly reduce the costs of integrating large amounts of wind and solar generation assets into grid systems through more efficient management of the renewable generation variability. Authored by a group of international experts as part of the IEA Wind Task 36 (Wind Energy Forecasting), the book addresses the issue that many current operational forecast solutions are not properly optimized for their intended applications. It provides detailed guidelines and recommended practices on forecast solution selection processes, designing and executing forecasting benchmarks and trials, forecast solution evaluation, verification, and validation, and meteorological and power data requirements for real-time forecasting applications. In addition, the guidelines integrate probabilistic forecasting, integrate wind and solar forecasting, offer improved IT data exchange and data format standards, and have a dedicated section to dealing with the requirements for SCADA and meteorological measurements. A unique and comprehensive reference, IEA Wind Recommended Practices for the Implementation of Renewable Energy Forecasting Solutions is an essential guide for all practitioners involved in wind and solar energy generation forecasting from forecast vendors to end-users of renewable forecasting solutions. Brings together the decades-long expertise of authors from a range of backgrounds, including universities and government laboratories, commercial forecasters, and operational forecast end-users into a single comprehensive set of practices Addresses all areas of wind power forecasting, including forecasting methods, measurement selection, setup and data quality control, and the evaluation of forecasting processes related to renewable energy forecasting Provides purpose-built decision-support tools, process diagrams, and code examples to help readers visualize and navigate the book and support decision-making

Indoor air quality (IAQ) and indoor air pollution (IAP) are a matter of concern in many countries because they can significantly influence the general health and well-being of those who spend most of their time inside, whether at home or work. Poor IAQ and repeated exposure to dangerous concentrations of pollutants can contribute significantly to the healthcare burden along with increased absenteeism and lost productivity worldwide.This book, Indoor Air Quality Assessment for Smart Environments, explores the problem of IAQ and highlights potential challenges, gaps, and opportunities in the field. As the title suggests, it focuses on assessing IAQ in smart environments using emerging technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), that can further contribute to the development of intelligent building management systems. The book contains 8 chapters, written by various experts in the field and addressing significant elements of IAQ management, including: definition, state-of-the-art and applications; sensing techniques; technological interventions and smart environments; smart monitoring devices; green and smart hospitals; health risks of nano building products; the optimization of household ventilation; and an assessment of smart environments.While providing a useful source of knowledge for researchers, policymakers, public health professionals and government agencies wishing to enhance the air quality in buildings, the book will also serve as a guide to building occupants who wish to take the necessary measures to enhance the built environment with improved ventilation arrangements.

Microplastics have received increased attention in the research world over the last ten years. A number of significant publications by the World Health Organisation, European Union, SAPEA, and GESAMP have highlighted this growing environmental and health emergency. This book provides an accessible introduction to the microplastic problem and details its potential impact both on nature and human health. Filled with the latest developments in the field, it attempts to address the gaps in our knowledge of microplastics and also proposes additional areas of research and impact to be considered to resolve this crisis. It will be of interest to researchers and academics working in the areas of microplastic pollution, microplastic detection, and the impact of microplastics on environmental and human health. It will also be of use to undergraduate students of environmental programmes, analytical programmes, and public health programmes. Key Features: Chapters describe the impact of our reliance on plastics in certain sectors and how they relate to microplastic pollution Investigates emerging solutions to the microplastic pollution Presents a multi-disciplinary perspective, covering topics such as analytical techniques, quantitative techniques, environmental monitoring, and human health monitoring

It was an unlikely convergence of events. A 9.0 magnitude earthquake, the largest in Japanese memory and the fourth largest recorded in world history; a tsunami that peaked at forty meters, devastating the seaboard of northeastern Japan; three reactors in meltdown at the Daiichi nuclear power plant in Fukushima; experts in disarray and suffering victims young and old. It was, as well, an unlikely convergence of legacies. Submerged traumas resurfaced and communities long accustomed to living quietly with hazards suddenly were heard. New legacies of disaster were handed down, unfolding slowly for generations to come. The defining disaster of contemporary Japanese history still goes by many different names: The Great East Japan Earthquake; the 2011 Tōhoku Earthquake and Tsunami; the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster; the 3.11 Triple Disaster. Each name represents a struggle to place the disaster on a map and fix a date to a timeline. But within each of these names hides a combination of disasters and legacies that converged on March 11, 2011, before veering away in all directions: to the past, to the future, across a nation, and around the world. Which pathways from the past will continue, which pathways ended with 3.11, and how are these legacies entangled? Legacies of Fukushima places these questions front and center. The authors collected here contextualize 3.11 as a disaster with a long period of premonition and an uncertain future. The volume employs a critical disaster studies approach, and the authors are drawn from the realms of journalism and academia, science policy and citizen science, activism and governance--and they come from East Asia, America, and Europe. 3.11 is a Japanese legacy with global impact, and the authors and their methods reflect this diversity of experience. Contributors: Sean Bonner, Azby Brown, Kyle Cleveland, Martin Fackler, Robert Jacobs, Paul Jobin, Kohta Juraku, Tatsuhiro Kamisato, Jeff Kingston, William J. Kinsella, Scott Gabriel Knowles, Robert Jay Lifton, Luis Felipe R. Murillo, Başak Saraç-Lesavre, Sonja D. Schmid, Ryuma Shineha, James Simms, Tatsujiro Suzuki, Ekou Yagi.

Lignocellulose Bioconversion Through White Biotechnology Comprehensive resource summarizing the recent technological advancements in white biotechnology and biomass conversion into fuels, chemicals, food, and more Lignocellulose Bioconversion Through White Biotechnology presents cutting-edge information on lignocellulose biomass conversion, detailing how white biotechnology can develop sustainable biomass pretreatment methods, effective plant cell wall degrading enzymes to yield high quality cellulosic sugars, and the eventual conversion of these sugars into fuels, chemicals, and other materials. To provide comprehensive coverage of the subject, the work offers in-depth critical analysis into both techno-economic and life cycle analysis of lignocellulose-based products. Each of the 16 chapters, written by a well-qualified and established researchers, academics, or engineers, presents key information on a specific facet of lignocellulose-based products. Topics covered include: Lignocellulose feedstock availability, types of feedstock, and potential crops that are of high interest to the industry Lignocellulose bioconversion, including both foundational technical aspects and new modern developments Plant cell wall degrading enzymes, including cellulase improvement and production challenges/solutions when scaling up Improvements and challenges when considering fermenting microorganisms for cellulosic sugars utilization Scaling up of lignocellulose conversion, including insight into current challenges and future practices Techno-economic aspects of lignocellulose feedstock conversion, green consumerism and industrialization aspects of renewable fuels/chemicals Students, academics, researchers, bio-business analysts, and policy-makers working on sustainable fuels, chemicals, materials, and renewable fuels can use Lignocellulose Bioconversion Through White Biotechnology to gain invaluable expert insight into the subject, its current state of the art, and potential exciting future avenues to explore.

Bringing together a wealth of knowledge, the Handbook of Environmental Management, Second Edition, gives a comprehensive overview of environmental problems, their sources, their assessment, and their solutions. Through in-depth entries, and a topical table of contents, readers will quickly find answers to questions about pollution and management issues. This six-volume set is a reimagining of the award-winning Encyclopedia of Environmental Management, published in 2013, and features insights from more than 500 contributors, all experts in their fields. The experience, evidence, methods, and models used in studying environmental management is presented here in six stand-alone volumes, arranged along the major environmental systems. Features of the new edition: The first handbook that demonstrates the key processes and provisions for enhancing environmental management. Addresses new and cutting -edge topics on ecosystem services, resilience, sustainability, food-energy-water nexus, socio-ecological systems and more. Provides an excellent basic knowledge on environmental systems, explains how these systems function and offers strategies on how to best manage them. Includes the most important problems and solutions facing environmental management today. In this second volume, Managing Air Quality and Energy Systems, the reader is introduced to the general concepts and processes of the atmosphere, with its related systems. This volume explains how these systems function and provides strategies on how to best manage them. It serves as an excellent resource for finding basic knowledge on the atmosphere, and includes important problems and solutions that environmental managers face today. This book practically demonstrates the key processes, methods, and models used in studying environmental management.

Nano-scale materials have unique electronic, optical, and chemical properties that make them attractive for a new generation of devices. In the second edition of Modeling, Characterization, and Production of Nanomaterials: Electronics, Photonics, and Energy Applications, leading experts review the latest advances in research in the understanding, prediction, and methods of production of current and emerging nanomaterials for key applications. The chapters in the first half of the book cover applications of different modeling techniques, such as Green's function-based multiscale modeling and density functional theory, to simulate nanomaterials and their structures, properties, and devices. The chapters in the second half describe the characterization of nanomaterials using advanced material characterization techniques, such as high-resolution electron microscopy, near-field scanning microwave microscopy, confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy, thermal analysis of nanoparticles, and applications of nanomaterials in areas such as electronics, solar energy, catalysis, and sensing. The second edition includes emerging relevant nanomaterials, applications, and updated modeling and characterization techniques and new understanding of nanomaterials. Covers the close connection between modeling and experimental methods for studying a wide range of nanomaterials and nanostructures Focuses on practical applications and industry needs through a solid outlining of the theoretical background Includes emerging nanomaterials and their applications in spintronics and sensing

Biological materials and their applications have drawn increasing attention among scientists. Cellulose is an abundant, renewable, biodegradable, economical, thermally stable, and light material, and it has found application in pharmaceuticals, coatings, food, textiles, laminates, sensors, actuators, flexible electronics, and flexible displays. Its nano form has extraordinary surface properties, such as higher surface area than cellulose; hence, nanocellulose can be used as a substitute for cellulose. Among many other sustainable, functional nanomaterials, nanocellulose is attracting growing interest in environmental remediation technologies because of its many unique properties and functionalities. Nanocellulose and Its Composites for Water Treatment Applications supplies insight into the application of nanocellulose and its nanocomposites for water purification and remediation. It covers different classes of nanocellulose--cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), hairy cellulose nanocrystalloid (HCNC), and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC)--for their competency with other renewable and carbonaceous materials such as pectin, alginate, and CNTs. Future perspectives of nanocellulose and nanocomposites gleaned from different biodegradable origins are also discussed. This book delves into an updated description of the basic principles and developments in synthesis, characterization methods, properties (chemical, thermal, optical, structural, surface, and mechanical structure), property relationships, crystallization behavior, and degradability of biodegradable nanocomposites. The book also supplies vivid information about various cellulose nanomaterials and their applications in absorbing organic and inorganic toxins, membrane filtration of bacteria, viruses, and ionic impurities, photocatalytic dye removal, and sensing of water toxins. Features Details the synthesis and characterization methods of nanocellulose Illustrates the applications of nanocellulose and its nanocomposites Shows in-depth accounts of the various types of properties of nanocellulose and its composites Features emerging trends in the use of nanocellulose as adsorbents, sensors, membranes, and photocatalysis materials This book will be useful for academics, researchers, and engineers working in water treatment and purification.

Nanotechnologies represent a fast-growing market and this unique volume highlights the current studies in applied sciences on sustainability of green science and technology. The chapters include modelling, machine learning, nanotechnology, nanofluids, nanosystems, smart materials and applications and solar and fuel cells technology. The authors cover simulation, additive manufacturing, machine learning and the autonomous system. Various aspects of green science as well as trans-disciplinary topics between fundamental science and engineering are presented.The book is suitable for all postgraduates and researchers working in this rapid growing research area.　 Features  Presenting latest research on green materials and sustainability. Provide in depth discussion on modeling and simulation using latest techniques. Technical exposure for the readers on additive manufacturing principles. Numerous examples on nanofluids and nano technology are presented. Discusses computer modeling, superconductivity, nanotubes and related structures such as graphene.

Nano Tools and Devices for Enhanced Renewable Energy addresses key challenges faced in major energy sectors as the world strives for more affordable and renewable energy sources. The book collates and discusses the latest innovations in nanotechnology for energy applications, providing a comprehensive single resource for those interested in renewable energy. Chapters cover a range of nano tools and devices, as well as renewable energy types and sources, from energy storage to geothermal energy.  Materials scientists, engineers and environmental scientists interested in the application and evaluation of innovative nano tools and devices in renewable energy technologies will find this book very valuable. Nanotechnology can help to reduce energy consumption and lessen toxicity burdens on the environment. Despite the rapid growth of development and use of nanotechnology in the modern world, there are still challenges faced by researchers and development groups in industry and academia. This book helps solve the problems of reduced accessibility of relevant research, presenting important information on adverse impacts on the environment, human health, safety and sustainability. Covers a range of nano tools and devices, as well as renewable energy types and sources, from energy storage to geothermal energy Offers an insight into the commercialization and regulatory aspects of nanotechnology for renewable energy Helps solve the problems of reduced accessibility of relevant information, presenting important research on adverse impacts on the environment, human health, safety and sustainability

Nitrate Handbook: Environmental, Agricultural, and Health Effects provides an overview of the entire nitrate cycle and the processes influencing nitrate transformation. It clearly identifies the role of nitrate as an essential nutrient in plant growth, food preservation, and human health. Using the most up-to-date knowledge and research, this handbook illustrates how the steadily increasing human population and demand for food, which results in higher amounts of nitrate needed by soils, makes new regulations on the management and usage of nitrates a high priority. A detailed explanation concerning the discrepancies between the public's perception of nitrate's harm versus the reality of its human health benefits is given via a balanced and evidence-based approach. All questions pertaining to the influences of nitrate and its derivatives on plant physiology and human health are explored in depth. This comprehensive resource with contributions from distinguished researches in the field is a must-have for professionals and students who study and work with nitrates. Features: Includes in depth discussion on the wide spectrum of nitrate present in the environment. Focuses on the progress made on nitrate research and its importance. Answers all questions about nitrate and its derivatives' influences on plant physiology and human health. Enables decision makers and public authorities to manage social concerns Compiles in one resource the findings of many distinguished researchers in the field.

Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS), often referred to as per- (and poly) fluorinated compounds (PFCs), have been used for years in many everyday¾ and some lifesaving¾ products. However, their use has been linked to adverse health effects in humans, a problem compounded by their persistence in the environment. This book discusses the various challenges of PFAS in our environment today, including their historical use as well as their chemical and toxicological properties. It also presents robust discussion of analytical challenges and special considerations in sampling. The work goes on to give practical recommendations for dealing with these compounds in today's dynamic regulatory landscape and includes several chapters on various remediation techniques. Key Features: Comprehensive overview of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) historical use and chemical/physical properties which help us understand their persistence, transport, and transformation pathways in the environment In-depth analysis of PFAS toxicology Detailed descriptions of conventional and state-of-the-art remediation technologies Practical recommendations for dealing with PFAS in a dynamic regulatory landscape Robust discussion of important sampling and analytical considerations Perfluoroalkyl Substances in the Environment: Theory, Practice, and Innovation explores the challenges across the topical areas of regulation and management, toxicology, environmental remediation, and analytical sampling and analysis.Readers will find this text helpful in understanding complexities associated with PFAS and informing management strategies to effectively protect this and future generations.

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are chemicals that resist environmental degradation and cause deleterious effects on the environment and human wellbeing. Once released into the environment they can travel long distances and persist for longer duration. This book highlights the complex area of POPs in simple language and deals with the fundamentals of the chemicals, their sources, and impacts on human health. The book also unfolds several other aspects like new and advanced analytical detection methods, gaps in management, effectiveness of the Stockholm convention, and the role of the global monitoring plan on POPs for crucial and holistic understanding about POPs. It also investigates how to minimize the impact of POPs and the major gaps and challenges in sound management of POPs. With its comprehensive approach, this book is an indispensable source of knowledge for those studying and working to mitigate the effect of POPs in the environment.

Taking into consideration that the agricultural industry is greatly dependent on pesticide chemicals to deal with the damage caused due to pests, this new volume details the challenges along with the bioremediation and remediation measures, such as the use of beneficial microorganisms, polymeric nanocomposites for nanoremediation, phytoremediation, and more.  It looks at pesticide contamination from agricultural activities in a variety of different environs and a selection of sustainable and eco-friendly remediation approaches. It provides a spectrum of concepts, ideas, and knowledge related to the detrimental actions of pesticides on the environment directly and on human beings indirectly and provides insight into sustainable and advanced pesticide remediation technology.  It fills a gap in the available literature in this field and will provide valuable for academicians, researchers, agriculturists, and students.

PHYSICS OF THIN-FILM PHOTOVOLTAICS Tackling one of the hottest topics in renewables, thin-film photovoltaics, the authors present the latest updates, technologies, and applications, offering the most up-to-date and thorough coverage available to the engineer, scientist, or student. It appears rather paradoxical that thin-film photovoltaics (PVs) are made of materials that seem unacceptable from the classical PV perspective, and yet they often outperform classical PV. This exciting new volume solves that paradox by switching to a new physics paradigm. Many concepts here fall beyond the classical PV scope. The differences lie in device thinness (microns instead of millimeters) and morphology (non-crystalline instead of crystalline). In such structures, the charge carriers can reach electrodes without recombination. On the other hand, thin disordered structures render a possibility of detrimental lateral nonuniformities ("recombination highways"), and their energy spectra give rise to new recombination modes. The mechanisms of thermal exchange and device degradation are correspondingly unique. The overall objective of this book is to give a self-contained in-depth discussion of the physics of thin-film systems in a manner accessible to both researchers and students. It covers most aspects of the physics of thin-film PV, including device operations, material structure and parameters, thin-film junction formation, analytical and numerical modeling, concepts of large area effects and lateral non-uniformities, physics of shunting (both shunt growth and effects), and device degradation. Also, it reviews a variety of physical diagnostic techniques proven with thin-film PV. Whether for the veteran engineer or the student, this is a must-have for any library. This outstanding new volume: Covers not only the state-of-the-art of thin-film photovoltaics, but also the basics, making this volume useful not just to the veteran engineer, but the new-hire or student as well Offers a comprehensive coverage of thin-film photovoltaics, including operations, modeling, non-uniformities, piezo-effects, and degradation Includes novel concepts and applications never presented in book format before Is an essential reference, not just for the engineer, scientist, and student, but the unassuming level of presentation also makes it accessible to readers with a limited physics background Is filled with workable examples and designs that are helpful for practical applications Is useful as a textbook for researchers, students, and faculty for understanding new ideas in this rapidly emerging field Audience: Industrial professionals in photovoltaics, such as engineers, managers, research and development staff, technicians, government and private research labs; also academic and research universities, such as physics, chemistry, and electrical engineering departments, and graduate and undergraduate students studying electronic devices, semiconductors, and energy disciplines

For decades, the US military has been contaminating the Pacific region with toxic substances. Thousands of service members, their families, and local residents have been exposed-but the US has hidden the damage and refused to help victims. This book reveals the enormous extent of contamination and the lengths the Pentagon will go to conceal it

Focusing on a critical aspect of the future clean energy system - renewable fuels - this book will be your complete guide on how these fuels are manufactured, the considerations associated with utilising them, and their real-world applications. Written by experts across the field, the book presents many professional perspectives, providing an in-depth understanding of this crucial topic. Clearly explained and organised into four key parts, this book explores the technical aspects written in an accessible way. First, it discusses the dominant energy conversion approaches and the impact that fuel properties have on system operability. Part II outlines the chemical carrier options available for these conversion devices, including gaseous, liquid, and solid fuels. In the third part, it describes the physics and chemistry of combustion, revealing the issues associated with utilizing these fuels. Finally, Part IV presents real-world case studies, demonstrating the successful pathways towards a net-zero carbon future.

Science, not politics, can take us beyond the hype and headlines to forge a realistic green new deal. Since it was first proposed in the US House of Representatives, the Green New Deal has been hotly debated, often using partisan characterizations that critique it as extreme or socialist. The intent was not simply to fight climate change or address a specific environmental concern, but rather to tackle how climate change and other environmental challenges affect the economy, the vulnerable, and social justice--and vice versa. In Science for a Green New Deal, Eric Davidson dissects this legislative resolution. He also shows how green new deal thinking offers a framework for a much-needed convergence of the natural sciences, social science, economics, and community engagement to develop holistic policy solutions to the most pressing issues of our day. Davidson weaves the case for linkages among multiple global crises, including a pandemic that has reversed progress on fighting poverty and hunger, an acceleration of climate change that has exacerbated storms, floods, droughts, and fires, and a renewed awareness of profound social injustices highlighted by the Black Lives Matter movement. Illustrating these points with his personal life experiences as a child growing up in Montana and as a famed researcher leading a large scientific society, Davidson relates these complex challenges to our everyday lives and decision-making. How, he asks, can we extract from the Earth's resources what we need for the prosperity, well-being, and dignity of current and future generations of billions of people without exhausting or polluting those resources? Written in clear, jargon-free prose, Science for a Green New Dealis a realistic and optimistic look at how we can attain a more sustainable, prosperous, and just future.

Nanoparticles have a smaller size as compared to their micro, macro, or bulk counterparts. Reduction in size of these particles provides them with some unique characteristics, such as surface-to-volume ratio, quantum confinement effect, surface plasmon response, widening of band gap, etc. These nanoparticles have attracted attention of scientists all over the globe in last few decades. Written in a convenient and easy-to-read style, this book covers the important aspects of nanomaterials by focusing on the many issues related to the food and textile industries, treatment of polluted water, health, energy crises, targeted drug delivery, etc. The editors take an interdisciplinary approach to discussing how the scenario will change on a global level in the future and explore when these nanomaterials will replace almost all micro- and macromaterials. The Science of Nanomaterials is a ready-at-hand guide to the many issues related to the use of nanomaterials in drug and gene delivery, sensors, photosplitting of water, wastewater treatment, microbial diagnosis, textile industries, nanocomposites, food industries (safety, security, packaging and preservation), etc.

Waste can be defined as something no longer wanted, something destroyed, broken, or damaged beyond repair and therefore disposed of or simply thrown away because it is no longer functional, needed, or wanted. However, the focus of this book turns to the question: is waste always really a waste? Stated differently, waste is not a waste if it can be recycled in some form or the other. This book examines all types of waste and their impacts, and discusses the potential ways to mitigate them through recycling and reuse strategies. Features: Addresses agricultural, biomedical, chemical, construction, hazardous, human, municipal solid waste, and more. Explains the fundamentals for waste recycling and reuse. Examines the current state of ocean pollution as well as the latest international regulations. Covers the life cycles of consumer electronic products, and their related metals and minerals, which are increasingly a major source of "E-Waste" The Science of Waste is intended to be used by environmental scientists and engineers, public health officials, legal professionals, students, and instructors interested in waste, as well as the management and reuse thereof.

Concern for the environment and for the impacts of environmental pollution has brought about the need to shift from the reliance on hydrocarbons to energy sources that are nearly pollution neutral and renewable. The Science of Wind Power is designed to provide a fundamental understanding for wind technicians and students alike, essentially examining how to harness the wind to produce energy for transmission and use, while keeping environmental impacts in mind. Wind power is one of the fastest-growing energy sources, as it offers many advantages such as being sustainable and a renewable energy source that has a much smaller impact on the global environment compared to fossil fuels. It is important to point out, however, that like wind itself, wind power has a good and bad side, advantages, and disadvantages (challenges), and these different aspects are discussed in detail herein. Features: Examines the mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, and electronic aspects of wind turbines Provides the fundamentals of wind turbine aerodynamics, modeling, and testing Includes design standards for wind turbines and electrical distribution systems Delineates the differences between offshore and land-based wind power Discusses special-purpose applications, such as energy distribution and storage 　 A must-have volume that includes the latest data, diagrams, and useful illustrations, The Science of Wind Energy offers a complete examination of one of the most promising sources of renewable energy and serves as a great introduction to the cross-disciplinary field for students and practicing engineers. The concepts and guidelines presented will equip readers with the scientific rationale required to make decisions that could directly affect the environment around them.

Sustainable Energy, Towards a Zero-Carbon Economy Using Chemistry, Electrochemistry and Catalysis provides the reader with a clear outline of some of the strategies, particularly those based on various chemical approaches, that have been put forward with the aim of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in order to achieve "zero carbon" by 2050. The author describes the chemistry of some of the processes involved, paying particular attention to those that involve heterogeneous catalytic steps and electrolysis methods. In cases in which the technology is already established, details are given of the reactor systems used. He discusses novel developments in the areas of transport, the production of essential products using renewable energy and the uses of sustainable biomass. Outlines international approaches to cutting or reducing greenhouse gas emissions Describes current production and uses of energy Outlines new approaches to energy supply and usage Discusses the hydrogen economy and the uses of renewable energy Outlines the importance of fuel-cell and electrolysis systems Discusses biomass as a resource of energy and fuels

Recent years have seen huge growth in the area of sustainable chemistry. In order to meet the chemical needs of the global population whilst minimising impacts on health and the environment it is essential to keep reconsidering and improving synthetic processes.  Sustainable Organic Synthesisis a comprehensive collection of contributions, provided by specialists in Green Chemistry, covering topics ranging from catalytic approaches to benign and alternative reaction media, and innovative and more efficient technologies.

Enables Readers to Understand the What, Why, and How Behind Using Sustainable Plastics in Manufacturing Operations The impact of 50 years of unbridled plastics production, use, and disposal is now becoming well known and documented. Plastics made from non-renewable petroleum and natural gas resources threaten the environment, human health, species maintenance, and the very life of the ocean. This book helps readers understand the ability of plastics to be sustainable and goes over the plastic products which have a lower carbon footprint, lower waste, and lower pollution. The well-qualified author's unique perspective puts a special focus on comprehensive coverage of environmental impacts of plastics including Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) and sustainability strategies related to biobased plastics (e.g., corn), recycled plastics, and petroleum-based plastics. Other samples topics covered in the book include: End-of-life options for petroleum and biobased plastics including mechanical recycling, chemical recycling, and composting ASTM biodegradation standards for compost, marine, anaerobic digestion, and landfill environments Polymer processing, including injection molding, blow molding, extrusion, and compression molding Environmental data and coverage of petroleum plastics, sustainable composites, and new information on bio-based plastics The book serves as an invaluable resource for plastics engineers, materials engineers, and all professionals in related disciplines looking to understand and apply the usage of sustainable plastics in many different types of manufacturing operations.

An interdisciplinary environmental humanities volume that explores human-environment relationships on our permanently polluted planet. While toxicity and pollution are ever present in modern daily life, politicians, juridical systems, media outlets, scholars, and the public alike show great difficulty in detecting, defining, monitoring, or generally coming to terms with them. This volume's contributors argue that the source of this difficulty lies in the struggle to make sense of the intersecting temporal and spatial scales working on the human and more-than-human body, while continuing to acknowledge race, class, and gender in terms of global environmental justice and social inequality. The term toxic timescapes refers to this intricate intersectionality of time, space, and bodies in relation to toxic exposure. As a tool of analysis, it unpacks linear understandings of time and explores how harmful substances permeate temporal and physical space as both event and process. It equips scholars with new ways of creating data and conceptualizing the past, present, and future presence and possible effects of harmful substances and provides a theoretical framework for new environmental narratives. To think in terms of toxic timescapes is to radically shift our understanding of toxicants in the complex web of life. Toxicity, pollution, and modes of exposure are never static; therefore, dose, timing, velocity, mixture, frequency, and chronology matter as much as the geographic location and societal position of those exposed. Together, these factors create a specific toxic timescape that lies at the heart of each contributor's narrative. Contributors from the disciplines of history, human geography, science and technology studies, philosophy, and political ecology come together to demonstrate the complex reality of a toxic existence. Their case studies span the globe as they observe the intersection of multiple times and spaces at such diverse locations as former battlefields in Vietnam, aging nuclear-weapon storage facilities in Greenland, waste deposits in southern Italy, chemical facilities along the Gulf of Mexico, and coral-breeding laboratories across the world.

Energy and water have been fundamental to powering the global economy and building modern society. This cross-disciplinary book provides an integrated assessment of the different scientific and policy tools around the energy-water nexus. It focuses on how water use, and wastewater and waste solids produced from fossil fuel energy production affect water quality and quantity. Summarizing cutting edge research, it describes the scientific methods for detecting contamination sources in the context of policy and regulations. The authors highlight the growing evidence that fossil fuel production, from both conventional and unconventional sources, leads to water quality degradation, while regulations for the water and energy sector remain fractured and highly variable across and within countries. This volume will be a key reference for scholars, industry professionals, environmental consultants and policy makers seeking information on the risks associated with the energy cycle and its impact on the environment, particularly water resources.

Electrochemical energy storage devices are the prime interest of researchers and students. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to nanomaterials and their potential applications specifically for electrochemical devices (rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors and so forth) in a coherent and simple manner. It covers fundamental concepts of nanomaterials, chemical and physical methods of synthesis, properties, characterization methods, and related applications.  Features: Introduces the evolution of nanoparticles in electrochemical energy storage devices. Provides the detailed information on step-by-step synthesis of nanoparticles. Discusses different characterization methods (structural, electrical, optical, and thermal). Includes the use of nanoparticles in various electrochemical devices. Aims to bridge the gap between the material synthesis and the real application. This book aims at Senior Undergraduate/Graduate students in Material Chemistry, Electrochemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Energy Storage.

Driven by continuing pursuits in device miniaturization and performance improvement, emergent micro- and nanomaterials hold the keys to enabling next-generation technologies in optical, infrared, and terahertz applications, owing to their unique properties and strong responses in these frequency bands. Development of these fascinating materials has triggered a number of opportunities in the applied sciences, and some have even made their impact in the market. Emergent Micro- and Nanomaterials for Optical, Infrared, and Terahertz Applications reviews state-of-the-art developments in various emergent materials and their implementation in applications such as sensors, waveplates, communications, and light sources, among others. The book discusses the similarities, advantages, and limitations and offers a comparative of each material. This volume: Covers all emergent materials (natural and artificial) that are promising for optical, infrared, and terahertz applications Comparatively analyzes these materials, elucidating their unique advantages, limitations, and application scopes Provides an up-to-date record on achievements and progress in cutting-edge optical, infrared, and terahertz applications Offers a comprehensive overview to connect multidisciplinary fields, such as materials, physics, and optics, to serve as a basis for future progress This book is a valuable reference for engineers, researchers, and students in the areas of materials and optics, as well as physics, and will benefit both junior- and senior-level researchers.

Handbook of Microbial Nanotechnology is a collection of the most recent scientific advancements in the fundamental application of microbial nanotechnology across various sectors. This comprehensive handbook highlights the vast subject areas of microbial nanotechnology and its potential applications in food, pharmacology, water, environmental remediation, etc. This book will serve as an excellent reference handbook for researchers and students in the food sciences, materials sciences, biotechnology, microbiology and in the pharmaceutical fields. Microbial nanotechnology is taking part in creating development and innovation in various sectors. Despite the participation of microbial nanotechnology in modern development, there are some hindrances. The lack of information, the possibility of adverse impacts on the environment, human health, safety and sustainability are still a challenge. This handbook addresses these challenges. Offers up-to-date, scientific information on the integration of microbiology and nanotechnology Explores how nanotechnology can improve the detection of trace chemical contaminants, viruses and bacteria in food and other industry applications Provides readers with a fundamental understanding of microbial nanotechnology and its challenges Includes real-time applications with case studies to illustrate how microbial nanotechnology influences modern sciences and technologies

The aim of this textbook is to provide an overview of nanophotonics, a discipline which was developed around the turn of the millennium. This unique and rapidly evolving subject area is the result of a collaboration between various scientific communities working on different aspects oflight-matter interaction at the nanoscale. These include near-field optics and super-resolution microscopy, photonic crystals, diffractive optics, plasmonics, optoelectronics, synthesis of metallic and semiconductor nanoparticles, two-dimensional materials, and metamaterials.The book is aimed at graduate students with a background in physics, electrical engineering, material science, or chemistry, as well as lecturers and researchers working within these fields.

Nano-scale materials have unique electronic, optical, and chemical properties that make them attractive for a new generation of devices. In the second edition of Modeling, Characterization, and Production of Nanomaterials: Electronics, Photonics, and Energy Applications, leading experts review the latest advances in research in the understanding, prediction, and methods of production of current and emerging nanomaterials for key applications. The chapters in the first half of the book cover applications of different modeling techniques, such as Green's function-based multiscale modeling and density functional theory, to simulate nanomaterials and their structures, properties, and devices. The chapters in the second half describe the characterization of nanomaterials using advanced material characterization techniques, such as high-resolution electron microscopy, near-field scanning microwave microscopy, confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy, thermal analysis of nanoparticles, and applications of nanomaterials in areas such as electronics, solar energy, catalysis, and sensing. The second edition includes emerging relevant nanomaterials, applications, and updated modeling and characterization techniques and new understanding of nanomaterials. Covers the close connection between modeling and experimental methods for studying a wide range of nanomaterials and nanostructures Focuses on practical applications and industry needs through a solid outlining of the theoretical background Includes emerging nanomaterials and their applications in spintronics and sensing

The modernization of science and technology using nanomaterials will open a new paradigm to meet the increasing energy demand. This book provides an in-depth understanding of theoretical perspectives from molecular and atomic levels. The modern analytical techniques explored provide an understanding of the interactions of particles at interfaces. This book gives a holistic view of materials synthesis, analysis, application, and safe handling.

The incessant scaling of complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology has resulted in significant performance improvements in very-large-scale integration (VLSI) design techniques and system architectures. This trend is expected to continue in the future, but this requires breakthroughs in the design of nano-CMOS and post-CMOS technologies. Nanoelectronics refers to the possible future technologies beyond conventional CMOS scaling limits. This volume addresses the current state-of-the-art nanoelectronic technologies and presents potential options for next-generation integrated circuits. Nanoelectronics for Next-generation Integrated Circuits is a useful reference guide for researchers, engineers, and advanced students working on the frontier of the design and modeling of nanoelectronic devices and their integration aspects with future CMOS circuits. This comprehensive volume eloquently presents the design methodologies for spintronics memories, quantum-dot cellular automata, and post-CMOS FETs, including applications in emerging integrated circuit technologies.

This reference text discusses conduction mechanism, structure construction, operation, performance evaluation and applications of nanoscale semiconductor materials and devices in VLSI circuits design. The text explains nano materials, devices, analysis of its design parameters to meet the sub-nano-regime challenges for CMOS devices. It discusses important topics including memory design and testing, fin field-effect transistor (FinFET), tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET) for sensors design, carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (CNTFET) for memory design, nanowire and nanoribbons, nano devices based low-power-circuit design, and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) design. The book discusses nanoscale semiconductor materials, device models, and circuit design covers nanoscale semiconductor device structures and modeling discusses novel nano-semiconductor devices such as FinFET, CNTFET, and Nanowire covers power dissipation and reduction techniques Discussing innovative nanoscale semiconductor device structures and modeling, this text will be useful for graduate students, and academic researchers in diverse areas such as electrical engineering, electronics and communication engineering, nanoscience, and nanotechnology. It covers nano devices based low-power-circuit design, nanoscale devices based digital VLSI circuits, and novel devices based analog VLSI circuits design.

Nanotechnologies represent a fast-growing market and this unique volume highlights the current studies in applied sciences on sustainability of green science and technology. The chapters include modelling, machine learning, nanotechnology, nanofluids, nanosystems, smart materials and applications and solar and fuel cells technology. The authors cover simulation, additive manufacturing, machine learning and the autonomous system. Various aspects of green science as well as trans-disciplinary topics between fundamental science and engineering are presented.The book is suitable for all postgraduates and researchers working in this rapid growing research area.　 Features  Presenting latest research on green materials and sustainability. Provide in depth discussion on modeling and simulation using latest techniques. Technical exposure for the readers on additive manufacturing principles. Numerous examples on nanofluids and nano technology are presented. Discusses computer modeling, superconductivity, nanotubes and related structures such as graphene.

Nano Tools and Devices for Enhanced Renewable Energy addresses key challenges faced in major energy sectors as the world strives for more affordable and renewable energy sources. The book collates and discusses the latest innovations in nanotechnology for energy applications, providing a comprehensive single resource for those interested in renewable energy. Chapters cover a range of nano tools and devices, as well as renewable energy types and sources, from energy storage to geothermal energy.  Materials scientists, engineers and environmental scientists interested in the application and evaluation of innovative nano tools and devices in renewable energy technologies will find this book very valuable. Nanotechnology can help to reduce energy consumption and lessen toxicity burdens on the environment. Despite the rapid growth of development and use of nanotechnology in the modern world, there are still challenges faced by researchers and development groups in industry and academia. This book helps solve the problems of reduced accessibility of relevant research, presenting important information on adverse impacts on the environment, human health, safety and sustainability. Covers a range of nano tools and devices, as well as renewable energy types and sources, from energy storage to geothermal energy Offers an insight into the commercialization and regulatory aspects of nanotechnology for renewable energy Helps solve the problems of reduced accessibility of relevant information, presenting important research on adverse impacts on the environment, human health, safety and sustainability

Nanostructured oxide materials - ultra-thin films, nanoparticles and other nanometre-scale objects - play prominent roles in many aspects of our every-day life, in nature and in technological applications, among which is the all-oxide electronics of tomorrow. Due to their reduced dimensions and dimensionality, they strongly interact with their environment: gaseous atmosphere, water or support. Their novel physical and chemical properties are the subject of this book, from both a fundamental and an applied perspective. This title reviews and illustrates the various methodologies for their growth, fabrication, experimental, and theoretical characterization.

PHYSICS OF THIN-FILM PHOTOVOLTAICS Tackling one of the hottest topics in renewables, thin-film photovoltaics, the authors present the latest updates, technologies, and applications, offering the most up-to-date and thorough coverage available to the engineer, scientist, or student. It appears rather paradoxical that thin-film photovoltaics (PVs) are made of materials that seem unacceptable from the classical PV perspective, and yet they often outperform classical PV. This exciting new volume solves that paradox by switching to a new physics paradigm. Many concepts here fall beyond the classical PV scope. The differences lie in device thinness (microns instead of millimeters) and morphology (non-crystalline instead of crystalline). In such structures, the charge carriers can reach electrodes without recombination. On the other hand, thin disordered structures render a possibility of detrimental lateral nonuniformities ("recombination highways"), and their energy spectra give rise to new recombination modes. The mechanisms of thermal exchange and device degradation are correspondingly unique. The overall objective of this book is to give a self-contained in-depth discussion of the physics of thin-film systems in a manner accessible to both researchers and students. It covers most aspects of the physics of thin-film PV, including device operations, material structure and parameters, thin-film junction formation, analytical and numerical modeling, concepts of large area effects and lateral non-uniformities, physics of shunting (both shunt growth and effects), and device degradation. Also, it reviews a variety of physical diagnostic techniques proven with thin-film PV. Whether for the veteran engineer or the student, this is a must-have for any library. This outstanding new volume: Covers not only the state-of-the-art of thin-film photovoltaics, but also the basics, making this volume useful not just to the veteran engineer, but the new-hire or student as well Offers a comprehensive coverage of thin-film photovoltaics, including operations, modeling, non-uniformities, piezo-effects, and degradation Includes novel concepts and applications never presented in book format before Is an essential reference, not just for the engineer, scientist, and student, but the unassuming level of presentation also makes it accessible to readers with a limited physics background Is filled with workable examples and designs that are helpful for practical applications Is useful as a textbook for researchers, students, and faculty for understanding new ideas in this rapidly emerging field Audience: Industrial professionals in photovoltaics, such as engineers, managers, research and development staff, technicians, government and private research labs; also academic and research universities, such as physics, chemistry, and electrical engineering departments, and graduate and undergraduate students studying electronic devices, semiconductors, and energy disciplines

Nanoparticles have a smaller size as compared to their micro, macro, or bulk counterparts. Reduction in size of these particles provides them with some unique characteristics, such as surface-to-volume ratio, quantum confinement effect, surface plasmon response, widening of band gap, etc. These nanoparticles have attracted attention of scientists all over the globe in last few decades. Written in a convenient and easy-to-read style, this book covers the important aspects of nanomaterials by focusing on the many issues related to the food and textile industries, treatment of polluted water, health, energy crises, targeted drug delivery, etc. The editors take an interdisciplinary approach to discussing how the scenario will change on a global level in the future and explore when these nanomaterials will replace almost all micro- and macromaterials. The Science of Nanomaterials is a ready-at-hand guide to the many issues related to the use of nanomaterials in drug and gene delivery, sensors, photosplitting of water, wastewater treatment, microbial diagnosis, textile industries, nanocomposites, food industries (safety, security, packaging and preservation), etc.

Nanometre sized structures made of semiconductors, insulators, and metals and grown by modern growth technologies or by chemical synthesis exhibit novel electronic and optical phenomena due to the confinement of electrons and photons. Strong interactions between electrons and photons in narrow regions lead to inhibited spontaneous emission, thresholdless laser operation, and Bose-Einstein condensation of exciton-polaritons in microcavities. Generation of sub-wavelength radiation by surface plasmon-polaritons at metal-semiconductor interfaces, creation of photonic band gaps in dielectrics, and realization of nanometer sized semiconductor or insulator structures with negative permittivity and permeability, known as metamaterials, are further examples in the area of Nanophotonics. The studies help develop spasers and plasmonic nanolasers of subwavelength dimensions, paving the way to use plasmonics in future data centres and high-speed computers working at THz bandwidth with less than a few fJ/bit dissipation. The present book is aimed at graduate students and researchers providing them with an introductory textbook on Semiconductor Nanophotonics. It gives an introduction to electron-photon interactions in Quantum Wells, Wires, and Dots and then discusses the processes in microcavities, photonic band gap materials, metamaterials, and related applications. The phenomena and device applications under strong light-matter interactions are discussed, mostly by using classical and semi-classical theories. Numerous examples and problems accompany each chapter.