Bad jobs in America: Standard and nonstandard employment relations and job quality in the United States
Using the 1995 Current Population Survey, the authors explore the relationship between “bad” job characteristics and nonstandard employment in the United States. The authors define “bad” jobs as jobs with low pay, no health insurance, and no pension benefits. Approximately one in seven U.S. jobs holds one of these characteristics. The authors found that, although nonstandard work can provide workers with flexibility, such flexibility comes at a high price.
Kalleberg, A. L., Reskin, B. F., & Hudson, K. (2000). Bad jobs in America: Standard and nonstandard employment relations and job quality in the United States. American Sociological Review, 65(2), 256-278. https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/bad-jobs-america-standard-nonstandard-employment/docview/218824679/se-2